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DS1102 > Week 1 - Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Week 1 - Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for pH

A

pH = -log [H+]

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2
Q

What is the critical pH

A

5.5
4.5-5.5

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3
Q

What is the pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

What is the pH of saliva

A

6.2 - 7.6

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5
Q

What is the physiological pH

A

7.4

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6
Q

Why the the pH of our blood heavily regulated

A

In the blood there are a lot of proteins with acidic and basic side chains. If the pH was changed then it would alter the structure of the protein which will alter the function of the protein.

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7
Q

What is the bronsted lowry definition of an acid and base

A

Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors

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8
Q

What is the acid and base property of water

A

Water is an amphiprotic solvent, meaning a solvent which displays both acid and base properties (can donate and accept a proton)

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9
Q

What is a conjugate acid

A

A conjugate acid is formed when a base gains a proton. For example if you start with a base B and it gains a proton the resulting species BH+ is the conjugate acid of B

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10
Q

What is a conjugate base

A

A conjugate base is formed when an acid loses a proton. For example if you star with an acid HA and it donates a proton, the resulting species A- is the conjugate base of HA.

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11
Q

What is the reaction for the self ionization of water

A
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12
Q

What is the Kw of water

A

10^-14

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13
Q

What do weak acids form

A

equilibrium reactions

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14
Q

What are electrolytes

A

In chemistry, electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in a solvent (such as water), thereby making the solution capable of conducting electricity.

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15
Q

What are the different types of electrolytes

A
  • Strong electrolytes
  • Weak electrolytes
  • Non electrolytes
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16
Q

What are strong electrolytes

A

Strong electrolytes are ionic compounds because they completely dissociate into ions. Hence these solution conduct electricity well.

17
Q

What is an example of a strong electrolyte

A

NaCl/H2O

18
Q

What type of compound are strong electrolytes

A

ionic compounds

19
Q

What are weak electrolytes

A

Substances which partly dissociate into ions and conduct electricity poorly

20
Q

What type of compound are weak electrolytes

A

covalent compounds because the bonds between these atoms in which electrons are shared are much stronger and don’t completely ionize. Instead they form an equilibrium which favors the unionized compound. This makes the solution less conductive of electricity.

21
Q

What is an example of a weak electrolyte

A

CH3COOH/H2O
- H2O

22
Q

What are non-electrolytes

A

compounds which don’t dissociate and don’t conduct electricity

23
Q

What type of compound are non electrolytes

A

covalent compounds

24
Q

What is the general equation for neutralization reactions

A
25
Q

What forms a neutral salt and hence pH of 7

A

strong acid + strong base

26
Q

What forms a weak acid (acidic salt) and hence a final acidic pH

A

strong acid + weak base

27
Q

What forms a basic salt and basic final solution

A

weak acid + strong base

28
Q

What are strong acids

A

Acids which fully dissociate in solution

29
Q

What are weak acids

A

Acids which partially dissociate in soltuon

30
Q

What are examples of weak acids in dentistry

A
  1. Etchants

Used to prepare surfaces for restorative bonding as it improves the bond strength of the restoration material.

  1. Cements (acid-base)

They are formed using acid base reactions

31
Q

What acid is used for etch - and what percent

A

Phosphoric acid (30-40%)

32
Q

What is the equation for Kw

A

Kw = Ka x Kb = 10^-14

33
Q

What is the equation for pKw

A

pKw = pKa + pKb = 14

34
Q

What makes an acid strong

A

if it has a large Ka or low pKa

35
Q

What is hydrofluoric Acid (HF)

A
  • weak acid pKa = 3.17
  • most corrosive acid known
  • will not corrode teflon or polyethylene
  • it will corrode in glass (don’t store it in glass)
36
Q

What is used to treat hydrofluoric acid HF

A

Calcium gluconate gel

37
Q

What is phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

A
  • used for etching enamel and dentine
  • weak polyprotic acid
  • corrosive acid

DS1102 (30 decks)

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