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3512 > week 9 flash part 1 > Flashcards

week 9 flash part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a normal ICP

A

under 15mmHg
higher than 20 = ischemia and brain damage

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2
Q

whats the difference between a primary and secondary brain injury

A

primary injury: time of injury (initial ouch)
secondary injury: several hours to days after injury

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3
Q

what is a normal CPP

A

60-80

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4
Q

how do you calculate CPP

A

BP - ICP

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5
Q

what should you keep SBP at to increase CPP

A

160

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6
Q

what is an external ventricular drain (EVD)

A

ICP monitor

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7
Q

what are the three ways the body compensates for IICP

A

brain tissue: dura becomes distended and compresses the tissue
blood: cerebral vessels vasoconstriction which decreases perfusion to the brain
CSF: production slows down and some is displaced onto the spinal column

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8
Q

why does IICP increase H+ concentration

A

because lactic acid will be released due to PaCO2 (to dilate vessels so more O2 can enter the brain)
- lactic acid makes the body super acidic

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9
Q

what do you need to monitor CO2 and O2 levels in a patient

A

you need and ABG

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10
Q

what is cushings triad and what does it mean

A
  • wide pulse pressure
  • Bradycardia
  • irregular reps

medical emergency, means compression on the brain stem

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11
Q

why would you see changes in temp with cushings triad

A

because the hypothalamus will be compressed

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12
Q

what is an epidural hematoma

A

bleeding outside the dura

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13
Q

what is a subdural hematoma

A

bleeding inside the dura

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14
Q

which diagnostic test will confirm cerebral edema or a re bleed in a brain trauma patient

A

CT

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15
Q

what diagnostic test checks for aneurism and stroke

A

angio

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16
Q

which diagnostic test determines a seizure

A

EEG

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17
Q

with LP, where in the spine does the needle go

A

L3/L4

18
Q

what are some signs of complication with a LP

A

shooting pain/tingling, headache that doesn’t improve

19
Q

what does a trans cranial doppler look for

A

backflow/vasospasm in intracerebral arteries

20
Q

when would you use corticosteroids for the brain

A

only for brain tumours, not for diffuse cerebral edema

21
Q

why is it bad if an IICP patient has decreased O2

A

it could result in vasodilation and increase ICP

22
Q

what is the frontal lobe responsible for

A

intellect, personality, decision making

23
Q

what is the parietal lobe responsible for

A

motor activities, motor speech, sensory discrimination

24
Q

what is the occipital lobe responsible for

A

eyes to opposite side, body awareness, writing, visual reception

25
Q

what are the main things you do at the scene of a brain trauma accident

A
  • maintain airway
  • stabilize spine
    apply pressure to external bleeding and warm blankets
26
Q

what is the temporal lobe responsible for

A

reading, memory, hearing, smelling, taste

27
Q

what do you assess for in an initial accident of a brain trauma patient

A
  • rhinnorhea
  • ottorrhea
  • scalp wounds
28
Q

what does a nurse do with a neuro trauma patient once theyre at the hospital

A
  • O2
  • establish 2 large bore IV
  • warm blankets
  • frequent VS and neurochecks
  • monitor
29
Q

what is port auricular ecchymosis

A

battle sign, bruising behind ears
can mean basilar skull fracture

30
Q

what is bilateral periorbital ecchymosis

A

raccoon eyes, bruising around the eyes

31
Q

what is the main complication of skull fracture

A

Dural tear (CSF leak)
increases risk of meningitis

32
Q

how can you tell if nasal drainage is CSF

A

halo sign

33
Q

what is a brain contusion

A

bruising of the brain within one focal area (right where skull is fractured)

34
Q

what causes a diffuse axonal injury

A

coup-contra-coup injury

35
Q

what is a diffuse axonal injury

A

Brain shaking like jello, tears all axons in half

36
Q

what is the main complication of a DAI

A

90% of people with a DAI remain in a vegetative state

37
Q

whats the difference between an epidural hematoma and a subdural hematoma

A

epidural: usually arterial so it bleeds fast, medical emergency
subdural: usually venous, slower onset

38
Q

what is the main thing we do to manage hydrocephalus

A

use shunt from ventricle into perineal cavity which releases fluid into the body to be reabsorbed

39
Q

what is a burr hole usually used for

A

a subdural hematoma

40
Q

what is stereotactic radio surgery

A

radiation used to destroy brain tumour, patients head held still by stereotactic frame
- uses high dose radiation to pinpoint exact spot where tumour is

3512 (19 decks)

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