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3512 > week 6: cardiac (Pipes) > Flashcards

week 6: cardiac (Pipes) Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the worse case scenario with valvular disease

A

complete block

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2
Q

whats the first organ to show changes with changes in the vascular system

A

the brain

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3
Q

which BP indicates hypertensive crisis

A

systolic BP over 180 and DBP over 120

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4
Q

why is HTN considered a silent killer

A

because it is often asymptomatic, you’ll only see symptoms when BP is rlly high for a long time

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5
Q

what are the main vital organs affected by hypertension

A

myocardium, coronary arteries, kidneys, brain, eyes, arterial vessels of lower extremoitisi

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6
Q

whats the worst case scenario with hypertension

A

hypertensive crisis

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7
Q

what is a hypertensive crisis

A

severe type of hypertension that comes on quickly and considered a medical emergency

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8
Q

what are the main symptoms of hypertensive crisis

A

severe headache, blurred vision, dizzy, SOB, epistaxis ad anxiety

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9
Q

whats the first thing we do if we suspect a patient is in hypertensive crisis

A

take BP

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10
Q

what are the main things we monitor for regular hypertension

A

monitor blood pressure, monitor organ damage, monitor response to medication

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11
Q

what is the primary intervention for hypertension crisis

A

IV meds that lower BP
Nitroprusside and Labetalol

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12
Q

what is a normal O2 that standing orders are based on

A

92%

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13
Q

what is the best way to manage hypertension

A

through lifestyle modifications
- excersize
healthy diet
manage stress
adequate sleep
no smoking
moderate alcohol intake

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14
Q

whats the number one cause of CAD

A

atherosclerosis

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15
Q

what are the main things to monitor for if a patient gets an angiogram

A

monitor kidney functioning urine output because they will be receiving contrast dye

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16
Q

what will you see on an angiogram if there is a coronary artery block

A

the artery will disappear

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17
Q

why would you monitor troponin if a patient has CAD

A

troponin is released when the myocardium is damaged, it shows how much the heart is damaged

18
Q

what are the main risks with an angiogram

A

bleeding, infection, kidney damage

19
Q

what are the three main interventions for stable CAD

A

monitor vital signs, administer medication, education on lifestyle changes

20
Q

what is the MAIN thing you do before giving nitro

A

check BP

21
Q

what is the worst case scenario with CAD

A

acute coronary syndrome

22
Q

what is acute coronary syndrome

A

it is a continuum of stable angina, aobstruction of blood flow to myocardium leading to symptoms of ischemia

23
Q

what are the three main ways to open a blocked artery

A
  • TPA (if you’re more than 1 hour from the hospital)
  • angioplasty
  • CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)
24
Q

whats the difference between an angiogram and an angioplasty

A

angiogram: diagnostic
angioplasty: intervention/treatment

25
Q

what are the main things to monitor for with an angioplasty

A
  • bleeding from insertion site
  • sudden closure of blood vessel (chest pain and ST elevation)
  • contrast dye reaction
  • vital signs
26
Q

what is coronary artery bypass graft surgery (what happens)

A

basically they take a healthy artery and use it to bypass bad artery

27
Q

when should a nurse call a dr.

A

when there is nothing they can do to fix it

28
Q

what should a nurse do if a patient has a decrease in Cardiac output

A

notify HCP

29
Q

what should a nurse do if a patient has a dysrhythmia

A

give anti arrhythmic (amnioderone) and check potassium

30
Q

what is cardiogenic shock

A

sudden severe LV failure that severely decreases perfusion to the tissues

31
Q

when does cardiogenic shock usually occur

A

after heart has been operated on (watch out for it when a patient has just had CABG)

32
Q

what is the main thing a nurse should do with cardiogenic shock

A

stabilise the paitnet until angio
- they will get cardiac catheterisation with a stent

33
Q

what is peripheral arterial disease

A

a chronic condition in which partial or total arterial occlusion decreases perfusion to extremities

34
Q

what are the four stages of PAD

A

asymptomatic, claudication (pain due to lack of blood flow with movement), rest pain, necrosis/gangrene (lack of blood flow causes cells to die)

35
Q

what is the ankle brachial index and what does it test foe

A

it screens for PAD,
ankle BP divided by brachial BP
(less than 0.9 indicates PAD)

36
Q

what would arterial ulcers look like

A
  • end of toes
  • minimal drainage
  • ulcer bed will be pale with round edges
  • little granulation tissue
37
Q

what are the two main non-surgical interventions to increase blood flow with PAD

A
  • balloon angioplasty with stent insertion
  • atherectomy
38
Q

what is a balloon angioplasty with stent insertion

A

basically cath into femoral artery, balloon to open artery, and stent put in to keep artery open

39
Q

what is an atherectomy

A

cath inserted into femoral artery, rotational tip attached to end of catheter, breaks up plaque by spinning it around (kind of like drilling a hole through the clogged artery

40
Q

what is a fem-pop bypass graft path what does it help with

A
  • basically puts a bypass graft through the occluded femoral artery (basically a CABG but in the legs)
41
Q

what do you do id tour client has a clot/embolism

A
  • keep client still so clot doest move around
  • call physical immediately,
  • anticoagulant
  • remove/dissolve clot with percutaneous thrombolytic therapy
42
Q

what is percutaneous thrombolytic therapy

A

catheter is threaded through femoral artery, which infuses TPA at site of embolus

3512 (19 decks)

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