cancer emergencies Flashcards
what do you do in the late phase of DIC
administer cyroprecipitated clotting factors
what do you do as a nurse in the early phase of DIC
give anticoagulantss
what are the early signs of SIADH
weight gain, personality changes, confusion, extreme muscle weakness
what are the late signs of SIADH
seizure, coma, death
what are some interventions for SIADH in a cancer patient
fluid restriction, give synthetic ADH, monitor sodium levels
what are early signs of spinal cord compression
back pain
what are neurological symptoms of spinal cord compression
numbness, tingling ,loss of urethra fucntion
what are interventions for spinal cord compression
corticosteroids, immidiate radiation and chemo to reduce size of tumour, back braces, surgery to remove tumour
what is hypercalcemia in relation to cancer
late stage bone metastasis
- basically bone releases calcium into blood stream
what are early signs of hypercalcemia in cancer
fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, polyuria
what are the late signs of hypercalcemia in cancer
paralytic ileus, muscle weakness, dehydration, EKG changes, decrease in deep tendon reflexes.
what are the nursing interventions for hypercalcemia
monitor serum calcium and EKG, give fluids, give antiemetics, encourage walking
what is SVC syndrome
occurs when the superior vena cava is compressed/obstructed due to tumour growth
what are the early signs of SVC syndrome
edema in face in the morning
what is stokes signs
the edema in the am as an early sign to SVC syndrom
what are the later signs of SVC syndrome
redness and swelling, dyspnea, epistaxis
what are some life threatening symptoms of SVC syndrome
- airway obstruction
- hemmorhage
- cyanosis
- change in mental statsu s
- hypotension and decrease in cardiac output
what are the main interventions for SVC syndrome
- semi fowlers
- corticosteroids
- diuretics
- high dose radiation
- surgery to put metal stent into SVC
what is tumour lysis syndrome
basically the chemo is killing all the cells a little too well, and releasing potassium and uric acid into the blood way too fast.
can lead to tissue damage and death
how does tumour lysis syndrome lead to AKI
because it causes hyperuricemia which damages the kidneys
why do you need to monitor EKG with tumour lysis syndrome
because it causes hyperkalemia
which medications would you administer for tumour lysis syndrome
diuretics to get the kidneys to work and allopurinol to lower uric acid.
also hydration and monitor ins and outs
