NCLEX practice questions Flashcards
how long should a patient be NPO after surgery
until you hear bowel sounds (peristalsis returns)
when should patients preform a breast exam
1 week after menstruation begins
what is central diabetes insidious vs. nephrogenic
central: pituitary sucks
nephrogenic: kidneys don’t know what to do with ADH
what are som main assessment findings with diabetes insidious
polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, decrease in urine specific gravity, inability to concentrate urine, fatigue, hypotension, tachycardia
what are the main interventions for DI
monitor for dehydration, monitor vitals and electrolytes, administer vasopressin and desmopressin (fake ADH)
what is SIADH
too much ADH so you literally never peewht
what can cause SIADH
trauma, stroke, meds, cancer/tumours, stress
what are the main findings in SIADH
weight gain without edema, increased BP and HR, anorexia, N/V, hyponatremia, decreased urinary output and concentrated urine.
what’s the main thing you monitor for SIADH
signs for increased ICP that may cause siezure
what are the treatments for SIADH
fluid restriction, IV fluids, loop diuretics (only if Na is above 125), possible vasopressin antagonists like tolvaptan
what is the vasopressin antagonists
tolvaptan (v for Vasopressin)
how do you treat Addisons
give prednisone
what is addisonian crisis
severe hypotension and shock
what are the interventions for DKA
restore circulating blood volume, monitor K, five short duration insulin (main thing), monitor ICp
what are the insulins you should give for DKA
insulin lispro or insulin R
what is the primary treatment for HHS
primary goal is to rehydrate the client and restore fluid volume and correct electrolyte deficiency
should insulin be stopped during periods of illness
no!
why should you give insulin through an IV infusion during DKA
because if you give too fast it may cause hypoglycemia
what is something you should keep in mind when doing a question about priority nursing assessment
maslows hirearchy of needs
why isn’t furosemide the best choice when your patient has SIADH with rlly low Na
because it could lower sodium EVEN MORE
what is the priority intervention for DKA
insulin!
how does Addisons affect fluid balance
because it can decrease the production of aldosterone!
what is the main cause for HHS and DKA
infection
