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3512 > week 11 flash > Flashcards

week 11 flash Flashcards

1
Q

which medication decreases spasms in the bladder

A

ditropan

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2
Q

which medication turns the urine bright orange

A

Pyridium

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3
Q

what are the two main causes of CKD

A

DM and HTN

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4
Q

whats the difference between cystitis and pyelonephritis

A

cystitis: localised, lower UTI symptoms
pyelonephritis: systemic, CVA tenderness, fever malaise and LUTS

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5
Q

what is the difference between a complicated cystitis and uncomplicated cystitis

A

complicated: more than bladder, fever flank pain and chills
uncomplicated: just the bladder

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6
Q

how long are antibiotics for a complicated UTI

A

7-14 days

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7
Q

how long are antibiotics for an uncomplicated UCI

A

3-5 days

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8
Q

what are the main symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis

A
  • HTN
  • Inability to conserve sodium
  • nocturia
  • hyperkalemia and acidosis
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9
Q

what are the main lab values that indicate a bacterial UTI

A

increased leukocytes and increased nitrates

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10
Q

what do casts indicate with a UTI

A

indicates an intra renal issue

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11
Q

why do we treat UTIs so aggressively

A

because they can lead to urosepsis

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12
Q

what are the main interventions for a bladder infection

A

4 A
- analgesic, antipyretic, antibiotic, antispasmodic

high fluid intake
sitz bath
surgery

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13
Q

what is hydronephrosis/hydroureter

A

enlargement of kidney or ureter resulting from an outflow obstruction

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14
Q

what are the symptoms of hydronephrosis

A
  • flank/abdominal pain
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15
Q

what is nephrolithiasis

A

stone in the kidney

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16
Q

what is urolithiasis

A

stone in the urinary tract (more painful

17
Q

what is the most common cause of kidney stone

A

dehydration

18
Q

what are the most common symptoms of kidney stones

A

groin pain progressing to urethra (moving)

19
Q

what types of kidney stones will have decreased pH

A

uric acid

20
Q

what types of kidney stones will have an increased pH

A

calcium stones

21
Q

how do you treat uric acid stones

A

allopurinol

22
Q

how to you treat calcium kidney stones

A

thiazide diuretics

23
Q

what are things to expect after ECSW lithotripsy

A

pain, hematuria, flank bruising

24
Q

what are abnormal things to see after ECSW lithotripsy

A

low BP, worsening hematuria, clots in urine

25
Q

what are the main complications of kidney stones

A

obstruction (hydroureter)
hematuria
infection
urinary stasis
hydronephrosis (could lead to permanent kidney damage

26
Q

what is a ureteroscopy

A

basically endoscopy but goes into the bladder and into the kidney

27
Q

what is percutaneous ureterolithotomy

A

put big ass needle right into kidney and remove the stone

28
Q

which surgical procedures would the patient need a nephrostomy tube post-op

A

percutaneous ureterolithoyomy or open surgical procedure

29
Q

what are two important things to do post op for surgical management of kidney stones

A

strain urine and encourage fluids

30
Q

what are the main symptoms of BPH

A

LUTS, retention, leaking, incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying

31
Q

what are the main non-surgical interventions for BPH

A

avoid a lot of fluid
avoid drugs that cause urinary retention like anticholinergics

32
Q

what are the three minimally invasive approaches to treat BPH

A

prostate artery embolism
transurethral needle ablation
transurethral microwave therapy

33
Q

what is the main surgical intervention for BPH

A
  • transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)
34
Q

what is some important patient education for post op TURP

A

you will feel the need to void when cath is in place
small blood clots and debris may pass after cath removal

35
Q

when would you need CBI

A

post op for TURP

36
Q

what is CBI

A

continuous bladder irrigation
3 way urinary catheter used to allow drainage of urine out, and bladder irrigating solution in

37
Q

how would you measure U/O for a patient with CBI

A

subtract amount of irrigating solution from foley bag output

38
Q

what is the solution used for CBI

A

isotonic irrigating solution

39
Q

what is an important thing to do before irrigating obstructed 3 way cath

A

instil 2 full syringes before removing clots to prevent sucking on bladder wall

3512 (19 decks)

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