week 11 flash Flashcards
which medication decreases spasms in the bladder
ditropan
which medication turns the urine bright orange
Pyridium
what are the two main causes of CKD
DM and HTN
whats the difference between cystitis and pyelonephritis
cystitis: localised, lower UTI symptoms
pyelonephritis: systemic, CVA tenderness, fever malaise and LUTS
what is the difference between a complicated cystitis and uncomplicated cystitis
complicated: more than bladder, fever flank pain and chills
uncomplicated: just the bladder
how long are antibiotics for a complicated UTI
7-14 days
how long are antibiotics for an uncomplicated UCI
3-5 days
what are the main symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis
- HTN
- Inability to conserve sodium
- nocturia
- hyperkalemia and acidosis
what are the main lab values that indicate a bacterial UTI
increased leukocytes and increased nitrates
what do casts indicate with a UTI
indicates an intra renal issue
why do we treat UTIs so aggressively
because they can lead to urosepsis
what are the main interventions for a bladder infection
4 A
- analgesic, antipyretic, antibiotic, antispasmodic
high fluid intake
sitz bath
surgery
what is hydronephrosis/hydroureter
enlargement of kidney or ureter resulting from an outflow obstruction
what are the symptoms of hydronephrosis
- flank/abdominal pain
what is nephrolithiasis
stone in the kidney
what is urolithiasis
stone in the urinary tract (more painful
what is the most common cause of kidney stone
dehydration
what are the most common symptoms of kidney stones
groin pain progressing to urethra (moving)
what types of kidney stones will have decreased pH
uric acid
what types of kidney stones will have an increased pH
calcium stones
how do you treat uric acid stones
allopurinol
how to you treat calcium kidney stones
thiazide diuretics
what are things to expect after ECSW lithotripsy
pain, hematuria, flank bruising
what are abnormal things to see after ECSW lithotripsy
low BP, worsening hematuria, clots in urine
what are the main complications of kidney stones
obstruction (hydroureter)
hematuria
infection
urinary stasis
hydronephrosis (could lead to permanent kidney damage
what is a ureteroscopy
basically endoscopy but goes into the bladder and into the kidney
what is percutaneous ureterolithotomy
put big ass needle right into kidney and remove the stone
which surgical procedures would the patient need a nephrostomy tube post-op
percutaneous ureterolithoyomy or open surgical procedure
what are two important things to do post op for surgical management of kidney stones
strain urine and encourage fluids
what are the main symptoms of BPH
LUTS, retention, leaking, incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying
what are the main non-surgical interventions for BPH
avoid a lot of fluid
avoid drugs that cause urinary retention like anticholinergics
what are the three minimally invasive approaches to treat BPH
prostate artery embolism
transurethral needle ablation
transurethral microwave therapy
what is the main surgical intervention for BPH
- transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)
what is some important patient education for post op TURP
you will feel the need to void when cath is in place
small blood clots and debris may pass after cath removal
when would you need CBI
post op for TURP
what is CBI
continuous bladder irrigation
3 way urinary catheter used to allow drainage of urine out, and bladder irrigating solution in
how would you measure U/O for a patient with CBI
subtract amount of irrigating solution from foley bag output
what is the solution used for CBI
isotonic irrigating solution
what is an important thing to do before irrigating obstructed 3 way cath
instil 2 full syringes before removing clots to prevent sucking on bladder wall
