week 9- fetal chest, lung, diaphragm

Question 1

lungs begin developing in the __week gestation

Answer 1

5th

Question 2

Name the stages of embryological lungs development and correlate them to appropriate gestational age?

Answer 2

1. Embryonic (4-5 weeks)
2. Pseudoglandular (5-17 weeks)
3. Canalicular (16-26~28 weeks)
4. Terminal saccular (26-36 weeks)
5. Alveolar (36-term)

Question 3

smooth muscle, cartilage, and Connective tissue originate from ___ layer

Answer 3

mesoderm

Question 4

epithelial lining originate from the ___ later

Answer 4

endoderm

Question 5

from the ___ the respiratory diverticulum forms and at the caudal end, the ___ is formed

Answer 5

foregut

lung bud

Question 6

upper portion of ____ contributes to the trachea and larynx

Answer 6

respiratory diverticulum

Question 7

___ forms the respiratory tree

Answer 7

lung bud

Question 8

trachealesophageal folds fuse to form the

Answer 8

trachea-esophageal septum

Question 9

trachea is ___ and esophagus is ___ (location)

Answer 9

ventral

dorsal

Question 10

what forms the pleural cavity

Answer 10

pericardial peritoneal canal

Question 11

parietal pleura is from the ____

Answer 11

somatic mesoderm

Question 12

visceral pleura is from the ___

Answer 12

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 13

bronchial buds form the R & L ____ bronchi that then divide and from ___ bronchi and then into ___ bronchi

Answer 13

primary
secondary
tertiary

Question 14

bronchi that supply individual lobes

Answer 14

secondary

Question 15

number of secondary bronchi on the right __ and left __

Answer 15

3

2

Question 16

number of tertiary bronchi

Answer 16

10 on R and 10 on L

Question 17

by week __ all bronchiopulmonary segments are formed

Answer 17

6

Question 18

upper and lower respiratory system arise from

Answer 18

foregut

Question 19

From what germinal layer do the lungs develop?

Answer 19

endoderm

Question 20

From what structure do the lungs start to develop

Answer 20

caudal end of the respiratory diverticulum of the foregut

Question 21

How does the echogenicity of the lungs compare to the echogenicity of the liver in 2nd trimester

Answer 21

lungs isoechoic to liver

Question 22

How does the echogenicity of the lungs compare to the echogenicity of the liver in 3rd trimester

Answer 22

lungs slightly echogenic / hyperechoic

Question 23

How we can assess the fetal lung maturity

Answer 23

amniocentesis to measure measure L/S Ratio (lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio) of amniotic fluid

Question 24

How could lungs maturity be increased if C-Section is needed

Answer 24

give surfactant to increase maturity

Question 25

stage where formation of the basic structure of gas exchanging portion of the lung develops (vascularization)

Answer 25

canicular (16-26 weeks)

Question 26

stage where airways terminate in large smooth-walled cylindrical structures. subdivided by ridges called crests. Thinning of the interstitium

Answer 26

saccular stage (26-36)

Question 27

Thinning of the blood-gas barrier, increased surfactant, and progressive branching of resp. airways

Answer 27

alveolar stage (36 weeks - term)

Question 28

lungs medial border

Answer 28

heart

Question 29

lung inferior border

Answer 29

diaphragm

Question 30

lung lateral border

Answer 30

ribs

Question 31

why do we assess the lungs

Answer 31

size, texture, location

Question 32

phospholipoprotein produced by type II alveolar cells. | The main function is to lower the surface tension at the air/liquid interface within the alveoli of the lung.  

Answer 32

surfactant

Question 33

surfactant level that indicates lung maturity

Answer 33

2-2.5

Question 34

lungs develop ___ in pregnancy

Answer 34

late

Answer 35

34

Question 36

>__ weeks lungs are mature

Answer 36

37

Question 37

transitional age of lung maturity

Answer 37

34-47 weeks

Question 38

low level of surfactant indicate

Answer 38

lungs are IMMATURE

Question 39

later in pregnancy = more interfaces = ___ echogenicity

Answer 39

more

Question 40

diaphragm appears as ___, __, ___, ___ (4) band

Answer 40

thin hypoechoic dome shaped muscular

Question 41

separates the abdominal cavity from thoracic cavity

Answer 41

diaphragm

Question 42

what lobe of the liver is bigger in fetus

Answer 42

left

Question 43

fetal lungs are more echogenic than the liver in ___ trimester

Answer 43

3rd