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img1004: ob-gyn > week 9- fetal chest, lung, diaphragm > Flashcards

week 9- fetal chest, lung, diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

lungs begin developing in the __week gestation

A

5th

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2
Q

Name the stages of embryological lungs development and correlate them to appropriate gestational age?

A
  1. Embryonic (4-5 weeks)
  2. Pseudoglandular (5-17 weeks)
  3. Canalicular (16-26~28 weeks)
  4. Terminal saccular (26-36 weeks)
  5. Alveolar (36-term)
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3
Q

smooth muscle, cartilage, and Connective tissue originate from ___ layer

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

epithelial lining originate from the ___ later

A

endoderm

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5
Q

from the ___ the respiratory diverticulum forms and at the caudal end, the ___ is formed

A

foregut

lung bud

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6
Q

upper portion of ____ contributes to the trachea and larynx

A

respiratory diverticulum

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7
Q

___ forms the respiratory tree

A

lung bud

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8
Q

trachealesophageal folds fuse to form the

A

trachea-esophageal septum

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9
Q

trachea is ___ and esophagus is ___ (location)

A

ventral

dorsal

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10
Q

what forms the pleural cavity

A

pericardial peritoneal canal

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11
Q

parietal pleura is from the ____

A

somatic mesoderm

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12
Q

visceral pleura is from the ___

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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13
Q

bronchial buds form the R & L ____ bronchi that then divide and from ___ bronchi and then into ___ bronchi

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

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14
Q

bronchi that supply individual lobes

A

secondary

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15
Q

number of secondary bronchi on the right __ and left __

A

3

2

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16
Q

number of tertiary bronchi

A

10 on R and 10 on L

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17
Q

by week __ all bronchiopulmonary segments are formed

A

6

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18
Q

upper and lower respiratory system arise from

A

foregut

19
Q

From what germinal layer do the lungs develop?

A

endoderm

20
Q

From what structure do the lungs start to develop

A

caudal end of the respiratory diverticulum of the foregut

21
Q

How does the echogenicity of the lungs compare to the echogenicity of the liver in 2nd trimester

A

lungs isoechoic to liver

22
Q

How does the echogenicity of the lungs compare to the echogenicity of the liver in 3rd trimester

A

lungs slightly echogenic / hyperechoic

23
Q

How we can assess the fetal lung maturity

A

amniocentesis to measure measure L/S Ratio (lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio) of amniotic fluid

24
Q

How could lungs maturity be increased if C-Section is needed

A

give surfactant to increase maturity

25
Q

stage where formation of the basic structure of gas exchanging portion of the lung develops (vascularization)

A

canicular (16-26 weeks)

26
Q

stage where airways terminate in large smooth-walled cylindrical structures. subdivided by ridges called crests. Thinning of the interstitium

A

saccular stage (26-36)

27
Q

Thinning of the blood-gas barrier, increased surfactant, and progressive branching of resp. airways

A

alveolar stage (36 weeks - term)

28
Q

lungs medial border

A

heart

29
Q

lung inferior border

A

diaphragm

30
Q

lung lateral border

A

ribs

31
Q

why do we assess the lungs

A

size, texture, location

32
Q

phospholipoprotein produced by type II alveolar cells.

The main functionis to lower the surface tension at the air/liquid interface within the alveoli of the lung.

A

surfactant

33
Q

surfactant level that indicates lung maturity

A

2-2.5

34
Q

lungs develop ___ in pregnancy

A

late

35
Q
A

34

36
Q

> __ weeks lungs are mature

A

37

37
Q

transitional age of lung maturity

A

34-47 weeks

38
Q

low level of surfactant indicate

A

lungs are IMMATURE

39
Q

later in pregnancy = more interfaces = ___ echogenicity

A

more

40
Q

diaphragm appears as ___, __, ___, ___ (4) band

A

thin
hypoechoic
dome shaped
muscular

41
Q

separates the abdominal cavity from thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

42
Q

what lobe of the liver is bigger in fetus

A

left

43
Q

fetal lungs are more echogenic than the liver in ___ trimester

A

3rd

img1004: ob-gyn (12 decks)

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