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IMG1004: OB-GYN > week 7 - fetal heart > Flashcards

week 7 - fetal heart Flashcards

1
Q

first system to function in embryo

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

witha ___ scan, the heart flickers can be appreciated shortly after 5wk LMP

A

transvaginal

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3
Q

fetal heart begins to beat at __ weeks

A

5

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4
Q

The heart begins as a set of paired tubular structures known as the ____ ____

A

cardiogenic cords

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5
Q

cardiogenic cords fuse on the 22nd day of development to form the ________

A

heart tube

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6
Q

the heart tube consists of : (2)

A

endocardial tube and myoepicardial mantle

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7
Q

the ____ portion of the heart tube bends right and ventrally

A

cephalic

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8
Q

the ___ portion of heart tube bends leftward in dorsocranial matter

A

caudal

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9
Q

the ___ portion becomes the atriums

A

caudal/left heart tube

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10
Q

the ___ portion becomes the ventricles

A

cephalic / right

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11
Q

when the tube bends left/ right resulting in a small atrium and large ventricle, this is called ____ then ____ forms connecting the early atrium to the early ventricles

A

atrioventricular loop

atrioventricular canal

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12
Q

___ cords, ____ structures, are the first sign of heart development.

A

cardiogenic

tubular

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13
Q

The ____ ___ forms as the tube bends.

A

atrioventricular loop

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14
Q

Endocardial cushions develop, separating the atria

and ventricles, at approximately ___ weeks.

A

6th

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15
Q

In the ___ week, the truncus arteriosus forms, twisting into their proper location

A

9th

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16
Q

___ sets of aortic arches form and regress

A

several

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17
Q

Fetal circulation has three bypasses: (3) ___, ___, ___ which close at parturition.

A

ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale
ductus venosus

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18
Q

___ is the most common malformation

A

CHD

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19
Q

The best time to examine the fetal heart with ultra- sound is between ___ -___ weeks

A

18-22

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20
Q

The normal heart is at a __-degree angle to the left of midline (levocardia)

A

45

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21
Q

what mode helps detect heart rhythm anomalies when the M-line placement is through the atria and ventricle

A

M-mode

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22
Q

Atrial and venous ends of the heart tube are fixed by the ____ at the arterial end, and the _____ at the venous end

A

brachial arches

septum transversum

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23
Q

Because atrial and venous ends are fixed, and the ___ and ventricle grow faster then the other regions, the heart bends ___ itself, forming a U shaped

A

bulbus cordis

upon

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24
Q

name for the u-shape when the heart bends on itself (day 37-38 LMP)

A

bulboventricular loop

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25
Q

as the heart bends, the ___ and the ___ come to lie dorsal to the bulbus cordis, Truncus arteriosus and ventricle

A

atrium

sinus venosus

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26
Q

what is formed resulting from the ingrowths of the cushions

A

mitral and tricuspid valves

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27
Q

The ventricular septum begins to form as the primitive ventricles begin to dilate, causing the fusion of their medial walls. This process starts at the ___ of the heart, with the ___ portion of the septum forming first, followed by the ___ portion.

A

apex
muscular
membraneous

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28
Q

____ vein brings brings oxygenated blood to the liver of baby or through ductus venosus

A

umbilical

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29
Q

ductus venosus meets up with ____

A

IVC

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30
Q

T/f: you can find oxygenated blood in the IVCof bbay

A

true

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31
Q

blood from IVC dumps into ___

A

right atrium

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32
Q

blood from SVC dumps into ___

A

right atrium

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33
Q

shortcut to bypass the liver (from umbilical vein to IVC)

A

ductus venosus

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34
Q

blood flow of deoxygenated blood

A
  1. right atrium
  2. right ventricle (some)
  3. pulmonary artery
  4. lungs
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35
Q

fetal circulation starting at placenta

A
  1. umbilical vein –> liver OR
  2. ductus venosus
  3. IVC
  4. right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> ductus arteriosus –> aorta
    OR right atrium…
  5. foramen ovale
  6. left atrium
  7. left ventricle
  8. aorta
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36
Q

hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

A

alveoli cause constriction on arteriole

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37
Q

pressure in pulmonary artery increases due to

A

resistance in lung

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38
Q

foramen ovale

A

allows blood to go from right atrium to left atrium

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39
Q

allows blood to go from right atrium to left atrium

A

foramen ovale

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40
Q

fetus circulation adaptations (5) that are NOT present after birth

A
  1. umbilical vein
  2. ductus venosus
  3. foramen ovale
  4. ductus arteriosus
  5. umbilical artery
41
Q

allows blood to go from pulmonary artery to aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

42
Q

why does blood go from pulmonary artery to aorta

A

because of high pressure in pulmonary artery/ high pressure in lungs

43
Q

why don’t you get much blood into pulmonary vein

A

bc most of it goes into aorta

44
Q

brings blood back to the placenta bc placenta has low resistance and blood flows towards low pressure

A

umbilical artery

45
Q

The great vessels (aorta and pulmonary arteries) arise from the common vessel of the ____.

A

truncus arteriosus

46
Q

fetal heart is more ___ in chest due to large liver

A

horizontal

47
Q

right ventricle is ___

A

anterior

48
Q

left atrium is ___

A

posterior

49
Q

apex points to

A

left

50
Q

normal fetal heart rate

A

120-160BPM

51
Q

the cardiac apex points to the left (normal heart axis)

A

levocardia

52
Q

the cardiac apex points to the midline

A

mesocardia

53
Q

the cardiac apex points to the right

A

dextrocardia

54
Q

4 chamber heart view is a ___ image through the thorax just above diaphragm

A

axial/trv

55
Q

allows eval of cardiac size, position in chest, axis , chamber size, atri

A

4 chamber heart view

56
Q

1/4 of the thorax on the left is ___

A

heart

57
Q

___ is closest to the anterior chest wall and contains the moderator band

A

right ventricle

58
Q

forms the apex of the heart

A

left ventricle

59
Q

tricuspid valve separates the

A

right atrium and right ventricle

60
Q

mitral valve separates the

A

left atrium and left ventricle

61
Q

interventricular septum separates

A

left and right ventricles

62
Q

arises from crus of heart and projects into the space bw left and right atria

A

atrial septum premum

63
Q

permits flow of blood from right atrium to left atrium (bypassing pulmonary vasculature)

A

foramen ovale

64
Q

vessels seen in 4-chamber view

A

descending aorta

2 pulmonary veins entering the left atrium

65
Q

chamber closest to aorta

A

left atrium

66
Q

what is next to the spine in 4 chamber view

A

descending aorta

67
Q

4chamber view is done in ___ plane at the level of the __ rib

A

trv

4

68
Q

in normal situs the ___ and ___ are on the left side

A

apex of heart

stomach

69
Q

right atrium has ___ diameter than left atirum

A

larger

70
Q

foramen ovale is in the___

A

interatrialseptum

71
Q

interatrial septum bows from ___ to ___

A

right

left

72
Q

purpose of ductus arteriosa

A

bypass the lungs

73
Q

what ducts does the ductus arteriosa connect

A

pulmonary artery –> aorta

74
Q

the moderator band is located in the ___ that connects the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle

A

right ventricular apex

75
Q

reason for left ventricular outflow tract view & right ventricular outflow tract view

A

see anomalies that cannot be seen in 4 chamber view

76
Q

___ gives rise to the aorta

A

left ventricle

77
Q

___ gives rise to the pulmonary artery

A

right ventricle

78
Q

what is seen in left ventricular outflow tract view

A 
aorta
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
right ventricle
interventricular septum 
**ascending aorta arises entirely ffrom L ventricle 
arotic valve
79
Q

continuity of the interventricular septum is seen with the ___ wall of aorta

A

anterior

80
Q

continuity of the mitral valve is seen with the ___ wall of aorta

A

posterior

81
Q

when we look at the heart what do we need to look at (3) and (+2) is permitted

A
  1. heart rate/ rhythm
  2. position of apex & stomach on same side (left)
  3. 4 chambers
  4. 3 chamber
  5. 5 chamber
82
Q

The ___ and ___cross over each other as they exit their respective ventricles of the heart

A

aorta

pulmonary artery

83
Q

The five chamber view is obtained by angling the transducer ___ and anterior from the four chamber view.

A

cephalad

84
Q

what you must see in 5 chamber view

A
  1. left atrium
  2. right atrium
  3. left ventricle
  4. right ventricle
  5. aorta
85
Q

what you must see in 5 chamber view

A
  1. left atrium
  2. right atrium
  3. left ventricle
  4. right ventricle
  5. abdominal aorta
86
Q

how to confirm normal outflow tract orientation

A

perpendicular crossing of outflow tracts

87
Q

aorta and pulmonary artery are ___ in size

A

comparable (equal)

88
Q

everything in the ROTV can be seen in the ___ view of the great arteries

A

short axis

89
Q

what you can see in the right outflow tract view

A
  1. R & L ventricles
  2. pulmonic valve
  3. main pulmonary artery (branches into l & r pulmonary arteries)
  4. pulmonary artery
  5. abdominal aorta
90
Q

what you can see in the right outflow tract view

A
  1. R & L ventricles
  2. pulmonic valve
  3. main pulmonary artery (branches into l & r pulmonary arteries)
  4. pulmonary artery
  5. abdominal aorta
91
Q

This view demonstrates the relationship between the aorta, pulmonary artery and superior vena cava

A

3 vessel view

92
Q

smallest to largest structures on the 3 vessel view

A
  1. SVC
  2. aorta
  3. pulmonary artery (largest)
93
Q

___ and ___ are seen in sagittal view

A

ductal arch

aortic arch

94
Q

ductal arch connects __ and ___

A

main pulmonary artery

thoracic artery

95
Q

___ arch allows legs to get blood

A

ductal

96
Q

type of arch that looks like hockey stick

A

ductal

97
Q

type of arch looks like candy cane

A

aortic arch

98
Q

aortic arch connects ___ and ____

A

ascending aorta

thoracic aorta

99
Q

List the images that should be taken for the fetal heart?

7

A
  1. 4 chamber
  2. 3 vessels
  3. ROTV
  4. LOTV
  5. aortic arches
  6. upper abdomen
  7. basal short axis view

IMG1004: OB-GYN (12 decks)

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