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IMG1004: OB-GYN > week 7 - fetal heart > Flashcards

week 7 - fetal heart Flashcards

1
Q

first system to function in embryo

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

witha ___ scan, the heart flickers can be appreciated shortly after 5wk LMP

A

transvaginal

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3
Q

fetal heart begins to beat at __ weeks

A

5

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4
Q

The heart begins as a set of paired tubular structures known as the ____ ____

A

cardiogenic cords

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5
Q

cardiogenic cords fuse on the 22nd day of development to form the ________

A

heart tube

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6
Q

the heart tube consists of : (2)

A

endocardial tube and myoepicardial mantle

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7
Q

the ____ portion of the heart tube bends right and ventrally

A

cephalic

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8
Q

the ___ portion of heart tube bends leftward in dorsocranial matter

A

caudal

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9
Q

the ___ portion becomes the atriums

A

caudal/left heart tube

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10
Q

the ___ portion becomes the ventricles

A

cephalic / right

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11
Q

when the tube bends left/ right resulting in a small atrium and large ventricle, this is called ____ then ____ forms connecting the early atrium to the early ventricles

A

atrioventricular loop

atrioventricular canal

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12
Q

___ cords, ____ structures, are the first sign of heart development.

A

cardiogenic

tubular

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13
Q

The ____ ___ forms as the tube bends.

A

atrioventricular loop

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14
Q

Endocardial cushions develop, separating the atria

and ventricles, at approximately ___ weeks.

A

6th

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15
Q

In the ___ week, the truncus arteriosus forms, twisting into their proper location

A

9th

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16
Q

___ sets of aortic arches form and regress

A

several

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17
Q

Fetal circulation has three bypasses: (3) ___, ___, ___ which close at parturition.

A

ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale
ductus venosus

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18
Q

___ is the most common malformation

A

CHD

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19
Q

The best time to examine the fetal heart with ultra- sound is between ___ -___ weeks

A

18-22

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20
Q

The normal heart is at a __-degree angle to the left of midline (levocardia)

A

45

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21
Q

what mode helps detect heart rhythm anomalies when the M-line placement is through the atria and ventricle

A

M-mode

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22
Q

Atrial and venous ends of the heart tube are fixed by the ____ at the arterial end, and the _____ at the venous end

A

brachial arches

septum transversum

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23
Q

Because atrial and venous ends are fixed, and the ___ and ventricle grow faster then the other regions, the heart bends ___ itself, forming a U shaped

A

bulbus cordis

upon

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24
Q

name for the u-shape when the heart bends on itself (day 37-38 LMP)

A

bulboventricular loop

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25
as the heart bends, the ___ and the ___ come to lie dorsal to the bulbus cordis, Truncus arteriosus and ventricle
atrium | sinus venosus
26
what is formed resulting from the ingrowths of the cushions
mitral and tricuspid valves
27
The ventricular septum begins to form as the primitive ventricles begin to dilate, causing the fusion of their medial walls. This process starts at the ___ of the heart, with the ___ portion of the septum forming first, followed by the ___ portion.
apex muscular membraneous
28
____ vein brings brings oxygenated blood to the liver of baby or through ductus venosus
umbilical
29
ductus venosus meets up with ____
IVC
30
T/f: you can find oxygenated blood in the IVCof bbay
true
31
blood from IVC dumps into ___
right atrium
32
blood from SVC dumps into ___
right atrium
33
shortcut to bypass the liver (from umbilical vein to IVC)
ductus venosus
34
blood flow of deoxygenated blood
1. right atrium 2. right ventricle (some) 3. pulmonary artery 4. lungs
35
fetal circulation starting at placenta
1. umbilical vein --> liver OR 2. ductus venosus 3. IVC 4. right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> ductus arteriosus --> aorta OR right atrium... 5. foramen ovale 6. left atrium 7. left ventricle 8. aorta
36
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
alveoli cause constriction on arteriole
37
pressure in pulmonary artery increases due to
resistance in lung
38
foramen ovale
allows blood to go from right atrium to left atrium
39
allows blood to go from right atrium to left atrium
foramen ovale
40
fetus circulation adaptations (5) that are NOT present after birth
1. umbilical vein 2. ductus venosus 3. foramen ovale 4. ductus arteriosus 5. umbilical artery
41
allows blood to go from pulmonary artery to aorta
ductus arteriosus
42
why does blood go from pulmonary artery to aorta
because of high pressure in pulmonary artery/ high pressure in lungs
43
why don't you get much blood into pulmonary vein
bc most of it goes into aorta
44
brings blood back to the placenta bc placenta has low resistance and blood flows towards low pressure
umbilical artery
45
The great vessels (aorta and pulmonary arteries) arise from the common vessel of the ____.
truncus arteriosus
46
fetal heart is more ___ in chest due to large liver
horizontal
47
right ventricle is ___
anterior
48
left atrium is ___
posterior
49
apex points to
left
50
normal fetal heart rate
120-160BPM
51
the cardiac apex points to the left (normal heart axis)
levocardia
52
the cardiac apex points to the midline
mesocardia
53
the cardiac apex points to the right
dextrocardia
54
4 chamber heart view is a ___ image through the thorax just above diaphragm
axial/trv
55
allows eval of cardiac size, position in chest, axis , chamber size, atri
4 chamber heart view
56
1/4 of the thorax on the left is ___
heart
57
___ is closest to the anterior chest wall and contains the moderator band
right ventricle
58
forms the apex of the heart
left ventricle
59
tricuspid valve separates the
right atrium and right ventricle
60
mitral valve separates the
left atrium and left ventricle
61
interventricular septum separates
left and right ventricles
62
arises from crus of heart and projects into the space bw left and right atria
atrial septum premum
63
permits flow of blood from right atrium to left atrium (bypassing pulmonary vasculature)
foramen ovale
64
vessels seen in 4-chamber view
descending aorta | 2 pulmonary veins entering the left atrium
65
chamber closest to aorta
left atrium
66
what is next to the spine in 4 chamber view
descending aorta
67
4chamber view is done in ___ plane at the level of the __ rib
trv | 4
68
in normal situs the ___ and ___ are on the left side
apex of heart | stomach
69
right atrium has ___ diameter than left atirum
larger
70
foramen ovale is in the___
interatrialseptum
71
interatrial septum bows from ___ to ___
right | left
72
purpose of ductus arteriosa
bypass the lungs
73
what ducts does the ductus arteriosa connect
pulmonary artery --> aorta
74
the moderator band is located in the ___ that connects the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle
right ventricular apex
75
reason for left ventricular outflow tract view & right ventricular outflow tract view
see anomalies that cannot be seen in 4 chamber view
76
___ gives rise to the aorta
left ventricle
77
___ gives rise to the pulmonary artery
right ventricle
78
what is seen in left ventricular outflow tract view
``` aorta left atrium mitral valve left ventricle right ventricle interventricular septum **ascending aorta arises entirely ffrom L ventricle arotic valve ```
79
continuity of the interventricular septum is seen with the ___ wall of aorta
anterior
80
continuity of the mitral valve is seen with the ___ wall of aorta
posterior
81
when we look at the heart what do we need to look at (3) and (+2) is permitted
1. heart rate/ rhythm 2. position of apex & stomach on same side (left) 3. 4 chambers 4. 3 chamber 5. 5 chamber
82
The ___ and ___cross over each other as they exit their respective ventricles of the heart 
aorta | pulmonary artery
83
The five chamber view is obtained by angling the transducer ___ and anterior from the four chamber view.
cephalad
84
what you must see in 5 chamber view
1. left atrium 2. right atrium 3. left ventricle 4. right ventricle 5. aorta
85
what you must see in 5 chamber view
1. left atrium 2. right atrium 3. left ventricle 4. right ventricle 5. abdominal aorta
86
how to confirm normal outflow tract orientation
perpendicular crossing of outflow tracts
87
aorta and pulmonary artery are ___ in size
comparable (equal)
88
everything in the ROTV can be seen in the ___ view of the great arteries
short axis
89
what you can see in the right outflow tract view
1. R & L ventricles 2. pulmonic valve 3. main pulmonary artery (branches into l & r pulmonary arteries) 4. pulmonary artery 5. abdominal aorta
90
what you can see in the right outflow tract view
1. R & L ventricles 2. pulmonic valve 3. main pulmonary artery (branches into l & r pulmonary arteries) 4. pulmonary artery 5. abdominal aorta
91
This view demonstrates the relationship between the aorta, pulmonary artery and superior vena cava
3 vessel view
92
smallest to largest structures on the 3 vessel view
1. SVC 2. aorta 3. pulmonary artery (largest)
93
___ and ___ are seen in sagittal view
ductal arch | aortic arch
94
ductal arch connects __ and ___
main pulmonary artery | thoracic artery
95
___ arch allows legs to get blood
ductal
96
type of arch that looks like hockey stick
ductal
97
type of arch looks like candy cane
aortic arch
98
aortic arch connects ___ and ____
ascending aorta | thoracic aorta
99
List the images that should be taken for the fetal heart? | 7
1. 4 chamber 2. 3 vessels 3. ROTV 4. LOTV 5. aortic arches 6. upper abdomen 7. basal short axis view

IMG1004: OB-GYN (12 decks)

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