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IMG1004: OB-GYN > week 10 fetal GI & urinary > Flashcards

week 10 fetal GI & urinary Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of the gut tube

A
  1. foregut
  2. midgut
  3. hindgut
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2
Q

blood supply to the foregut

A

celiac artery

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3
Q

blood supply to the midgut

A

SMA

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4
Q

blood supply to the hindgut

A

IMA

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5
Q

esophagus, stomach, prox. duodenum, liver, biliary, pancreas formed from

A

foregut

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6
Q

pharynx, lower respiratory system formed from

A

foregut

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7
Q

small intestines, distal duonedum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right half of trv olon formed from the

A

midgut

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8
Q

the left half of trv colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon, rectum, superior anal canal from the

A

hindgut

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9
Q

epithelium of the urinary bladder and most of the urethra from the

A

hindgut

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10
Q

layer contributing to: mucosal epithelium, mucosal glands, and submucosal glands of the GI tract

A

endoderm

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11
Q

layer contributing to: lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosal connective tissue and blood vessels, muscularis externa, and adventitia/serosa

A

mesoderm

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12
Q

layer contributing to: neurons and nerves of the submucosal and myenteric plexes

A

neural crest

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13
Q

fetal esophagus runs from ___ to ____

A

pharynx to stomach

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14
Q

Can be visualized as early as __ weeks gestation as two echogenic parallel lines in the neck and posterior chest

A

fetal esophagus

15

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15
Q

After __ weeks fetal esophagus appears as a tubular echogenic structure having one of two patterns

A

26

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16
Q

This is seen in 49% of cases prior to 26 weeks gestation and in 87% of cases after 26 weeks gestation

A

several parallel echogenic lines (multilayered pattern)

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17
Q

The __ esophagus can be visualized in about 90% of cases, the ___ esophagus (between the pharynx and the upper limit of the chest) in 19% of cases and the ___ segments (between diaphragm and stomach) in 30% of cases (1)

A

thoracic
cervical
abdominal

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18
Q

2 patterns the esophagus may be seen as after 26 weeks

A
  1. two parallel echogenic lines

2. several parallel echogenic lines

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19
Q

trachea is ___ and bifurcates into main bronchi whereas esophagus is ___ and continues to stomach ___ bifurcation

A

anterior
posterior
withOUT

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20
Q

___ shows variation in size

A

esophagus

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21
Q

____ vein courses parallel and to the right of the spine

A

Azygous

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22
Q

spleen is __ visualized and tends to be __ echogenic that surrounding tissue

A

poorly

less

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23
Q

t/f: fetal liver appears homogeneous much like adult liver

A

true

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24
Q

the __ lobe is larger in fetal liver due to blood supply in utero

A

left

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25
Q

fetal spleen is ___-echoic to liver

A

hypoechoic

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26
Q

fetal lung is ___ to liver

A

hyperechoic

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27
Q

pancreas is ___-echoic to surroundings

A

hyperechoic

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28
Q

gallbladder is visualized in most fetuses after ___ weeks

A

20

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29
Q

t/f: it is concerning if the gallbladder is not seen at 20 weeks

A

false

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30
Q

fetal stomach is seen as early as __ weeks

A

11

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31
Q

non-visualization of the stomach after __ weeks may be result of abnormal fetus

A

19

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32
Q

what does the fetal stomach contain?

A

amniotic fluid

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33
Q

when may the stomach not be seen

A
  • low amnionic fluid

- if stomach recently emptied into small bowel

34
Q

time for fetal stomach to refill

A

45 min

35
Q

stomach must be seen on same side as ___

A

apex of heart

36
Q

Small bowel initially appears as an ____ pseudomass

A

echogenic

37
Q

small bowel becomes ___ echogenic with time as greater amounts of fluid enter the bowel

A

less

38
Q

By 30 weeks small bowel ___ may be observed

A

peristalsis

39
Q

max diameter of small bowel

A

5mm

40
Q

if baby bowel is same echogenicity as bone, it indicates

A

downsyndrome (trisomy 21)

41
Q

appearance of large bowel

A

anechoic

42
Q

small bowel may be differentiated from large bowel after 20 weeks by ____ and ____. Peristalsis and even fluid filled bowel loops may be observed.

A

central location

cluster of bowel loops

43
Q

Large bowel (ascending, transverse and descending colon) appears ____ and is identified by its ____ location

A

hypoechoic

peripheral

44
Q

term for contents of the large bowel that at birth appears as dark green mucous material in stools

A

meconium

45
Q

max diameter of colon (large bowel) in 3rd trimester

A

23mm

46
Q

What is normal echogenicity of the small bowel compare to liver?

A

hypoechoic - fills with fluid

47
Q

what system is the spleen part of

A

lymphatic

48
Q

What are the three different sets of kidneys during the embryological development (3)

A
  1. pronephro
  2. mesonephros
  3. metanephros
49
Q

function of pronephros

A

non-functional

50
Q

function of mesonephros

A

give rise to testes, creates urine from week 6-10 before kidney

51
Q

function of metanephros

A

develop into permanent kidneys

52
Q

when MUST kidneys be seen on fetal ultrasound

A

18 weeks (observed by 15)

53
Q

What is the maximum diameter of renal pelvis

A

5mm

54
Q

What is the role of thumb for renal length measurement

A

renal length after 18 weeks = gestational age of fetus in weeks

55
Q

During routine sonography of 18 weeks fetus sonographer was unable to visualized bladder what should he/ she do next

A
  • indicate renal malfunction ( MUST be visualized by 18 weeks)
  • Wait for 45 min until it may fill then if still not there look at the kidneys bc maybe there is a blockage
56
Q

Cloaca comes from ___ and produces urinary bladder & urethra

A

ectoderm

57
Q

Urine is first produced by the kidneys around the ___ - ___ LMP

A

11 - 12

58
Q

The urine is excreted into the ___ ___ and forms a portion of the ___ fluid.

A

amnionic cavity

amnionic

59
Q

metanephros begin to develop in ___ LMP and are functional kidneys by ___ LP

A

7

11

60
Q

wolffian and mullerian ducts develop from

A

mesonephros

61
Q

t/f: visualization of fetus ureter indicates pathology

A

true

62
Q

Normal fetal ureter size

A

1mm

63
Q

bladder completely developed by __ week and sonographically seen by ___ week

A

12th

13th

64
Q

After 14 weeks, two thirds of the normal amniotic fluid is produced by ____ and one third from ___

A

fetal urination

pulmonary fluid

65
Q

superior to kidneys

A

adrenal glands

66
Q

adrenal glands in the 3rd trimester and at birth they are ___ their adult size

A

20X

67
Q

Adrenal glands have Linear ___ center (medulla) with ___ rind like rim (cortex)

A

echogenic

hypoechoic

68
Q

t/f: Almost impossible to identify gender in a breech fetus

A

true

69
Q

May be seen as early as 16 weeks (14-1 6 wk) although more readily defined by 20 to 22 weeks

A

genitalia

70
Q

Observation of genitalia is dependent on___, ___, ___

A
  • fetal lie
  • amount of amnionic fluid
  • fetal leg position
71
Q

Testicles descend into scrotum at ___ weeks

A

28

72
Q

___ appears as a bilateral soft tissue mass separated by a linear echogenic line representing the ___ septum

A

scrotum

scrotal

73
Q

A small ___ (fluid around the scrotum) is a normal benign finding in utero

A

hydrocele

74
Q

Females may be recognized by observation of the ___ with a linear echo in between representing the labia minora

A

labia

75
Q

t/f: labia may appear swollen and can be confused with scrotum

A

true

76
Q

GI and pulmonary systems from

A

endoderm

77
Q

muscles (heart), urinary, skeletal system from

A

mesoderm

78
Q

outer layer, glands / skin & nervous system from

A

ectoderm

79
Q

testes and ovaries go ___ as they develop

A

down

80
Q

kidneys move ___ as they develop

A

up

IMG1004: OB-GYN (12 decks)

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