week 10 fetal GI & urinary

Question 1

3 parts of the gut tube

Answer 1

1. foregut
2. midgut
3. hindgut

Question 2

blood supply to the foregut

Answer 2

celiac artery

Question 3

blood supply to the midgut

Answer 3

SMA

Question 4

blood supply to the hindgut

Answer 4

IMA

Question 5

esophagus, stomach, prox. duodenum, liver, biliary, pancreas formed from

Answer 5

foregut

Question 6

pharynx, lower respiratory system formed from

Answer 6

foregut

Question 7

small intestines, distal duonedum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right half of trv olon formed from the

Answer 7

midgut

Question 8

the left half of trv colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon, rectum, superior anal canal from the

Answer 8

hindgut

Question 9

epithelium of the urinary bladder and most of the urethra from the

Answer 9

hindgut

Question 10

layer contributing to: mucosal epithelium, mucosal glands, and submucosal glands of the GI tract

Answer 10

endoderm

Question 11

layer contributing to: lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosal connective tissue and blood vessels, muscularis externa, and adventitia/serosa

Answer 11

mesoderm

Question 12

layer contributing to: neurons and nerves of the submucosal and myenteric plexes

Answer 12

neural crest

Question 13

fetal esophagus runs from ___ to ____

Answer 13

pharynx to stomach

Question 14

Can be visualized as early as __ weeks gestation as two echogenic parallel lines in the neck and posterior chest

Answer 14

fetal esophagus

15

Question 15

After __ weeks fetal esophagus appears as a tubular echogenic structure having one of two patterns

Answer 15

26

Question 16

This is seen in 49% of cases prior to 26 weeks gestation and in 87% of cases after 26 weeks gestation

Answer 16

several parallel echogenic lines (multilayered pattern)

Question 17

The __ esophagus can be visualized in about 90% of cases, the ___ esophagus (between the pharynx and the upper limit of the chest) in 19% of cases and the ___ segments (between diaphragm and stomach) in 30% of cases (1)

Answer 17

thoracic
cervical
abdominal

Question 18

2 patterns the esophagus may be seen as after 26 weeks

Answer 18

1. two parallel echogenic lines

2. several parallel echogenic lines

Question 19

trachea is ___ and bifurcates into main bronchi whereas esophagus is ___ and continues to stomach ___ bifurcation

Answer 19

anterior
posterior
withOUT

Question 20

___ shows variation in size

Answer 20

esophagus

Question 21

____ vein courses parallel and to the right of the spine

Answer 21

Azygous

Question 22

spleen is __ visualized and tends to be __ echogenic that surrounding tissue

Answer 22

poorly

less

Question 23

t/f: fetal liver appears homogeneous much like adult liver

Answer 23

true

Question 24

the __ lobe is larger in fetal liver due to blood supply in utero

Answer 24

left

Question 25

fetal spleen is ___-echoic to liver

Answer 25

hypoechoic

Question 26

fetal lung is ___ to liver

Answer 26

hyperechoic

Question 27

pancreas is ___-echoic to surroundings

Answer 27

hyperechoic

Question 28

gallbladder is visualized in most fetuses after ___ weeks

Answer 28

20

Question 29

t/f: it is concerning if the gallbladder is not seen at 20 weeks

Answer 29

false

Question 30

fetal stomach is seen as early as __ weeks

Answer 30

11

Question 31

non-visualization of the stomach after __ weeks may be result of abnormal fetus

Answer 31

19

Question 32

what does the fetal stomach contain?

Answer 32

amniotic fluid

Question 33

when may the stomach not be seen

Answer 33

- low amnionic fluid | - if stomach recently emptied into small bowel

Question 34

time for fetal stomach to refill

Answer 34

45 min

Question 35

stomach must be seen on same side as ___

Answer 35

apex of heart

Question 36

Small bowel initially appears as an ____ pseudomass

Answer 36

echogenic

Question 37

small bowel becomes ___ echogenic with time as greater amounts of fluid enter the bowel

Answer 37

less

Question 38

By 30 weeks small bowel ___ may be observed

Answer 38

peristalsis

Question 39

max diameter of small bowel

Answer 39

5mm

Question 40

if baby bowel is same echogenicity as bone, it indicates

Answer 40

downsyndrome (trisomy 21)

Question 41

appearance of large bowel

Answer 41

anechoic

Question 42

small bowel may be differentiated from large bowel after 20 weeks by ____ and ____. Peristalsis and even fluid filled bowel loops may be observed.

Answer 42

central location | cluster of bowel loops

Question 43

Large bowel (ascending, transverse and descending colon) appears ____ and is identified by its ____ location

Answer 43

hypoechoic | peripheral

Question 44

term for contents of the large bowel that at birth appears as dark green mucous material in stools

Answer 44

meconium

Question 45

max diameter of colon (large bowel) in 3rd trimester

Answer 45

23mm

Question 46

What is normal echogenicity of the small bowel compare to liver?

Answer 46

hypoechoic - fills with fluid

Question 47

what system is the spleen part of

Answer 47

lymphatic

Question 48

What are the three different sets of kidneys during the embryological development (3)

Answer 48

1. pronephro 2. mesonephros 3. metanephros

Question 49

function of pronephros

Answer 49

non-functional

Question 50

function of mesonephros

Answer 50

give rise to testes, creates urine from week 6-10 before kidney

Question 51

function of metanephros

Answer 51

develop into permanent kidneys

Question 52

when MUST kidneys be seen on fetal ultrasound

Answer 52

18 weeks (observed by 15)

Question 53

What is the maximum diameter of renal pelvis

Answer 53

5mm

Question 54

What is the role of thumb for renal length measurement

Answer 54

renal length after 18 weeks = gestational age of fetus in weeks

Question 55

During routine sonography of 18 weeks fetus sonographer was unable to visualized bladder what should he/ she do next

Answer 55

- indicate renal malfunction ( MUST be visualized by 18 weeks) - Wait for 45 min until it may fill then if still not there look at the kidneys bc maybe there is a blockage

Question 56

Cloaca comes from ___ and produces urinary bladder & urethra

Answer 56

ectoderm

Question 57

Urine is first produced by the kidneys around the ___ - ___ LMP

Answer 57

11 - 12

Question 58

The urine is excreted into the ___ ___ and forms a portion of the ___ fluid.

Answer 58

amnionic cavity | amnionic

Question 59

metanephros begin to develop in ___ LMP and are functional kidneys by ___ LP

Answer 59

7 | 11

Question 60

wolffian and mullerian ducts develop from

Answer 60

mesonephros

Question 61

t/f: visualization of fetus ureter indicates pathology

Answer 61

true

Question 62

Normal fetal ureter size

Answer 62

1mm

Question 63

bladder completely developed by __ week and sonographically seen by ___ week

Answer 63

12th | 13th

Question 64

After 14 weeks, two thirds of the normal amniotic fluid is produced by ____ and one third from ___

Answer 64

fetal urination | pulmonary fluid

Question 65

superior to kidneys

Answer 65

adrenal glands

Question 66

adrenal glands in the 3rd trimester and at birth they are ___ their adult size

Answer 66

20X

Question 67

Adrenal glands have Linear ___ center (medulla) with ___ rind like rim (cortex)

Answer 67

echogenic | hypoechoic

Question 68

t/f: Almost impossible to identify gender in a breech fetus

Answer 68

true

Question 69

May be seen as early as 16 weeks (14-1 6 wk) although more readily defined by 20 to 22 weeks

Answer 69

genitalia

Question 70

Observation of genitalia is dependent on___, ___, ___

Answer 70

- fetal lie - amount of amnionic fluid - fetal leg position

Question 71

Testicles descend into scrotum at ___ weeks

Answer 71

28

Question 72

___ appears as a bilateral soft tissue mass separated by a linear echogenic line representing the ___ septum

Answer 72

scrotum | scrotal

Question 73

A small ___ (fluid around the scrotum) is a normal benign finding in utero

Answer 73

hydrocele

Question 74

Females may be recognized by observation of the ___ with a linear echo in between representing the labia minora

Answer 74

labia

Question 75

t/f: labia may appear swollen and can be confused with scrotum

Answer 75

true

Question 76

GI and pulmonary systems from

Answer 76

endoderm

Question 77

muscles (heart), urinary, skeletal system from

Answer 77

mesoderm

Question 78

outer layer, glands / skin & nervous system from

Answer 78

ectoderm

Question 79

testes and ovaries go ___ as they develop

Answer 79

down

Question 80

kidneys move ___ as they develop

Answer 80

up