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IMG1004: OB-GYN > week 5 > Flashcards

week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first visualized on ultrasound structure within the gestational sac

A

yolk sac

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2
Q

Fetal stage begins following the _____ period after about _____ weeks

A
  1. embryonic

2. 10

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3
Q

Name the layers of the embryonic disc from which all future organs and tissue is derived

A
  1. ectoderm (outer)
  2. mesoderm (middle)
  3. endoderm (inner)
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4
Q

early sonographic intrauterine pregnancy findings and correlated dates

A
  1. chorionic or gestational sac & yolk sac
    (4 weeks gestation)
  2. Double decidual sac (decidual basalis)
    (5 weeks gestation)
  3. heart beat
    (5 weeks)
  4. double bleb (amniotic cavity & yolk sac w/ embryo between)
    ( 7 weeks)
  5. umbilical cord formed (C-shaped embryo) / balloon on a string
    (6 weeks)
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5
Q

“ballon on a string”

A

yolk sac and vitelline duct /yolk stalk

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6
Q

critical landmark for identifying true gestational sac

A

yolk sac

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7
Q

what can the first sign of early pregnancy be seen on TV?

A

gestational sac @ 4/5 weeks

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8
Q

Mean sac diameter (MSD) at 5 weeks gestation

A

2-3 mm

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9
Q

MSD formula

A

l+w+h / 3

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10
Q

Mean Sac Diameter (MSD) equation for DAYS of pregnancy

A

Normal MSD (in mm) + 30

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11
Q
  1. Implantation of the blastocyst cannot happen until the _______ disintegrates
A

zona pellucida

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12
Q

Define the necessary components of a first trimester sonogram based on the “AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations”

A

evaluation of uterus and adnexa to identify the presence, size, location of gestational sac(s)

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13
Q

___ ensures nutritional supply for early embryo before the chorion is sufficiently developed to perform this function.

A

secondary yolk sac

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14
Q

A normal GS grows ___a day from 5 to 8 weeks

A

1.1mm/day

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15
Q

T/F: decidua is included when measuring GS

A

FALSE; only sac fluid

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16
Q

if GS measure is ___ or more and you DO NOT see yolk sac it means likely failed preg

A

8mm

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17
Q

if GS measure ___ WITHOUT embryo then you worry about failed preg

A

16mm

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18
Q

MSD used to determine gestational age up to __ weeks

A

6

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19
Q

Maximum normal dimension of yolk sac

A

6mm

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20
Q

function of ____ include: Hematopoiesis
Formation of sex glands
Development of digestive tract
Transfer of nutrients

A

yolk sac

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21
Q

Yolk sac should always be seen when MSD reaches ____ TA and ___ EV

A

20mm TA

8mm EV

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22
Q

CRL at 5 weeks

A

2-4mm

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23
Q

complex of the early sonolucent amniotic sac and the secondary yolk sac with the developing embryo between them

A

double bleb sign

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24
Q

____ cells surround the trophoblast and are in direct contact with the endometrium

A

Cytotrophoblastic

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25
Q

Within the epiblast of the inner cell mass, a line of cells thickens to form a ____

A

primitive streak

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26
Q

At the beginning of week ___ the trilaminar disc folds into a “C” shaped embryo. umbilical cord forms

A

6

27
Q

TA = 25mm MSD & EV = 16mm MSD at ___ weeks

A

6

28
Q

When are the amniotic and chorionic (gestational sac) cavities routinely imaged with endovaginal ultrasound

A

week 5

29
Q

By week ___ amnionic should fuse with chorionic cavity and you should NOT see it anymore

A

14-16

30
Q

difference between mensural age and embryologic age

A

menstrual age = date from fertilization

embryologic age = date from LMP

31
Q

This is the most critical stage of development. Any disturbance at this age will likely result in major malformations and/or malfunctions

A

10 weeks

32
Q

embryo is now termed a “fetus” in week __

A

11

33
Q

what is CRL and what is it used for

A

Crown Rump Length

  • most accurate measurement in estimating EDD
  • starting at 5.5 weeks
  • used until 12 or 13 weeks
  • highly accurate
34
Q

CRL formula

A

CRL (in cm) + 6 = age in weeks

35
Q

umbilical cord is surrounded by ___ jelly

A

Wharton’s

36
Q

Amnion contains

A
  • 2 arteries
  • 1 vein
  • wharton’s jelly
37
Q

formation of umbilical cord from out to inner layers

A
  1. villous chorion
  2. body stalk
  3. chorionic cavity
  4. umbilical vesicle & amnionic cavity
  5. stem of umbilical vesicle
  6. umbilical cord
38
Q

___ keeps growing an encircles the body stalk

A

amnionic cavity

39
Q

_____ are identified in all embryos 5mm or larger

A

Cardiac pulsations

40
Q 
characteristics of week \_\_\_: 
Differentiate head from trunk
Limb buds 
Eyes wide apart
Head length = Torso length
Liver takes over hCG production
A

8

41
Q

how and when is the “midgut” formed

A

midgut herinates into umbilical cord bc midgut elongates faster than growing embryo
-seen sonographically as echogenic line 7-10 weeks

42
Q

around week ___ the fetus has developed all rudimentary forms of organs

A

11

43
Q

at 6 weeks, 3 primary brain vesicles develop

A
  1. prosencephalon (forebrain)
  2. mesencephanol (mid brain)
  3. rhombencephalon (hind brain)
44
Q

2 parts of prosencephanol

A
  1. telencephalon (hemispheres)
    - Ant brain & lateral ventricles
  2. diencephalon (thalamus)
    - post brain & 3rd ventricle
45
Q

___ forms 4th ventricle, pons & cerebellum

A

hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

46
Q

@ 9 weeks the crescent-shaped sonolucency in the anterior aspect of the brain is created by the

A

diencephalon & mesencephalon

47
Q

spine is evident and brain contains lateral ventricles filled with echogenic choroid plexus

A

12 weeks

48
Q

limb buds begin to appear

A

8th week

49
Q

hands and feet can be identified @ ___ weeks

A

10

50
Q

embryonic heart measured using ___

A

m-mode tracing

51
Q

heart rate at 5-6 weeks

A

100BMP

52
Q

heart rate at 6+ weeks

A

120-160 BMP

53
Q

Implantation bleed

A

Appears post implantation ~21 days LMP

-Sonographically as a sonolucent space outside the gestational sac

54
Q

when is TIS (thermal index for soft tissues) used

A

1st trimester imaging

55
Q

when is TIB (thermal index for structures near bone) used

A

2nd / 3rd trimester imaging

56
Q

example of applying ALARA is ___

A

using M-mode instead of 3D or colour

57
Q

portion of the chorion that develops into the fetal portion of the placenta

A

Chorion Frondosm

58
Q

part of the chorionic membrane that covers the placenta

A

chorion plate

59
Q

contains amniotic fluid & fetus

A

amnionic cavity

60
Q

contained by chorion (thin membrane) gets smaller as amniotic cavity enlarges
- contains yolk sac

A

chorionic cavity

61
Q

amnionic and chorionic normally fuse at ___ weeks

A

16

62
Q

elongated duct that contributes to the development of the umbilical cord and placenta during the first trimester

A

allantonic duct

63
Q

consists of outer trophoblast and inner embryoblast

A

blastocyst

64
Q

contains chorionic villi

- secretes hCG (all pregnancy tests based on this measurement)

A

trophoblast

IMG1004: OB-GYN (12 decks)

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