week 2- female pelvis Flashcards
uterus is __/ ___ to bladder
superior / posterior
lies between the bladder and the rectum
vagina
posterior wall of vagina is ___ than the anterior wall
longer
vaginal blood supply for anterior surface
uterine artery
vaginal blood supply for the posterior surface
internal iliac artery
uterus is surrounded by 2 layers of broad ligament ___, bladder ___, sigmoid colon ___
- laterally
- anteriorly
- posteriorly
4 segments of the uterus
- fundus
- body
- isthmus
- cervix
uterine cavity is ___ at the fundus and ___ at the isthmus
- widest
2. narrowest
3 layers of the uterus wall
- outer serosa or perimetrium
- middle thick myometrium
- inner lining- endometrium
which layer of the uterus cannot be seen sonographically
perimetrium
superficial layer of endometrium- ___ is shed each month with menstruation. Deep endometrium layer called ___
zona functionalis
basal layer
in the menstrual phase the endometrium is sonographically ___ and ___
- thin
- hyperechoic
in the proliferative phase, the endometrium ___
thickens due to estrogen surge
in the proliferative phase the echogenicity of the basal layer ___ and ___ in the functional layer. Leads to tripple line sign
- increases
- decreases
characteristic sign of the late proliferative endometrium
triple line
during the secretory phase the endometrium appears ___, ___, and ___
- homogeneous
- hyperechoic
- thick
endometrial thickness of 1mm
after menstruation
endometrial thickness of 14mm
prior to mensturation
T/F: when measure in endometrium AP, you include the outer hypoechoic layer
FALSE
-that is the myometrium
age where uterus has characteristic inverted pear shape
puberty and beyond
length of uterus in prepubertal
1-3.3cm long
refers to the axis of the uterus body related to the cervix
flexion
refers to the axis of the cervix relative to the vagina
version
tipping of whole uterus towards anterior wall
anteverted
fundus is bent towards anterior wall
anteflexed
tipping of whole uterus towards sacrum
retroverted
bending of fundus towards rectum
retroflexed
uterine ligaments
- cardinal ligament
- - uterosacral ligamnet - round ligament
- broad ligamnet
___ edge of the ___ ligament is denser and identified as the uterosacral ligamnet
- posterior
- cardinal
together the ___ and ___ ligamnets anchor the cervix
uterosacral & cardinal
retroversion has the ___ and ___ on the SAME axis
cervix & vagina
retroflexion has the __ and __ on the SAME axis
cervix & body of uterus
Originate from the lateral region of the cervix and along the lateral margin of the uterine corpus
cardinal ligament
Originate from the uterine cornua and extend across the pelvic space from posterior to anterior
round ligament
This ligamnet loosely tether the uterine fundus and tilt it forward in the pelvis
round ligament
divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior pelvic compartments
broad ligament
suspends the uterus and attach to the ovaries
broad ligament
anterior cul de sac
peritoneum lies b/w the anterior surface of the uterus and the bladder
pouch of douglas or posterior cul de sac
most posterior and dependent portion of peritoneal sac b/w uterus and rectum
fallopian tubes extend from ___ to the ovary
fundus of uterus
lies along the free edge of the broad ligament
fallopian tubes
3 layers of the fallopian tubes
- outer serosal
- middle muscular
- iner mucosal
FT length
7-12 cm
T/F: surface of the ovary is covered in peritoneum
FALSE- covered by single layer of cells (germinal epithelium)
how to calculate volume of ovary
- 3 perpendicular measurements
- length, height (sag)
- height (trv)
anterior margin of ovary attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament by the ___
mesovarium
3 anchoring structures that suspend the ovary in pelvic space
- ovarian ligamnet
- infundibulopelvic ligament (suspensory)
- mesovarium
ligament extends from the uterine cornu to the ovary
ovarian
ligament passes from pelvic brim to the lateral pole of ovary
suspensory
primary route of access for vessels entering ovarian hilum but minimal suspensory support
mesovarium
ligament that extends from posterior surface of broad ligament
mesovarium
the ___ is the bulk of the ovary containing a large number of developing follicles
cortex
centre of the ovary that contains blood vessels
medulla
beneath the germinal epithelium is the ___
capsule “tunica albuginea”
ovarian blood supply
- ovarian arteries
- superior to the bifurcation of iliac arteries
course of ovarian arteries
- downwards over psoas muscle within uterus
- through suspensory ligamnet & masovarium into ovarian hilum
T/F: ovarian veins run the same course of the ovarian arteries until the reach the abdomen
true
drains the pelvic organs and muscles
internal iliac veins
RT ovarian vein drains into ___
IVC
LT ovarian vein drains into ___
left renal vein
blood supply to the uterus
MAINLY uterine artery
-branch of internal iliac
& ovarian artery
course from cervix to fundus along the lateral edge of the uterus
uterine arteries
the ___ arteries arise form the uterus arteries and circle the uterus, just beneath the serosal surface (peritoneum)
arcuate
arcuate arteries branch through myometrium towards endometrium. branches are called
radial arteries
radial arteries branch into ___ & ___ (what do they serve)
- basal arteries
- serve basal layer of endometrium - spiral arteries
- serve the functional layer of endometrium
what arteries undergo substantial anatomic changes during the menstrual cycle
spiral
What are the names of the spaces between 1. the pubis and bladder, 2. the uterus and urinary bladder, and 3. uterus and rectum?
- space of ritzius
- anterior cul de sac
- pouch of douglas (posterior cul de sac)
ovarian artery originate from ___ whereas the uterine artery originates from ___
- aorta
2. iliac arteries
define Dysmenorrhea
painful periods
define Menorrhagia
abnormally long or heavy periods
define Oligomenorrhea
abnormally short or light periods
define Amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
menarche
time of first period
premenarche
time before first period
menopause
end of menstrual cycle
___ is cylindrical, high in pelvis, and located along the same axis of the vagina
uterus
After ___ the corpus and fundus shrink and regress to the prepubertal state
menopause
The ___ ligament divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior pelvic compartments
broad
Ovaries attach to the ___ surface of the broad ligament. Why?
posterior
-constraining their movements to the posterior pelvic compartment
Lies along the free edge of the broad ligament
fallopian tubes
Surface of the ovary is not covered by ___ but a single layer of cells called germinal epithelium
peritoneum
