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IMG1004: OB-GYN > week 2- female pelvis > Flashcards

week 2- female pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

uterus is __/ ___ to bladder

A

superior / posterior

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2
Q

lies between the bladder and the rectum

A

vagina

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3
Q

posterior wall of vagina is ___ than the anterior wall

A

longer

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4
Q

vaginal blood supply for anterior surface

A

uterine artery

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5
Q

vaginal blood supply for the posterior surface

A

internal iliac artery

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6
Q

uterus is surrounded by 2 layers of broad ligament ___, bladder ___, sigmoid colon ___

A
  1. laterally
  2. anteriorly
  3. posteriorly
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7
Q

4 segments of the uterus

A
  1. fundus
  2. body
  3. isthmus
  4. cervix
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8
Q

uterine cavity is ___ at the fundus and ___ at the isthmus

A
  1. widest

2. narrowest

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9
Q

3 layers of the uterus wall

A
  1. outer serosa or perimetrium
  2. middle thick myometrium
  3. inner lining- endometrium
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10
Q

which layer of the uterus cannot be seen sonographically

A

perimetrium

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11
Q

superficial layer of endometrium- ___ is shed each month with menstruation. Deep endometrium layer called ___

A

zona functionalis

basal layer

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12
Q

in the menstrual phase the endometrium is sonographically ___ and ___

A
  • thin

- hyperechoic

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13
Q

in the proliferative phase, the endometrium ___

A

thickens due to estrogen surge

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14
Q

in the proliferative phase the echogenicity of the basal layer ___ and ___ in the functional layer. Leads to tripple line sign

A
  • increases

- decreases

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15
Q

characteristic sign of the late proliferative endometrium

A

triple line

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16
Q

during the secretory phase the endometrium appears ___, ___, and ___

A
  • homogeneous
  • hyperechoic
  • thick
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17
Q

endometrial thickness of 1mm

A

after menstruation

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18
Q

endometrial thickness of 14mm

A

prior to mensturation

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19
Q

T/F: when measure in endometrium AP, you include the outer hypoechoic layer

A

FALSE

-that is the myometrium

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20
Q

age where uterus has characteristic inverted pear shape

A

puberty and beyond

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21
Q

length of uterus in prepubertal

A

1-3.3cm long

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22
Q

refers to the axis of the uterus body related to the cervix

A

flexion

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23
Q

refers to the axis of the cervix relative to the vagina

A

version

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24
Q

tipping of whole uterus towards anterior wall

A

anteverted

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25
Q

fundus is bent towards anterior wall

A

anteflexed

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26
Q

tipping of whole uterus towards sacrum

A

retroverted

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27
Q

bending of fundus towards rectum

A

retroflexed

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28
Q

uterine ligaments

A
  1. cardinal ligament
    - - uterosacral ligamnet
  2. round ligament
  3. broad ligamnet
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29
Q

___ edge of the ___ ligament is denser and identified as the uterosacral ligamnet

A
  • posterior

- cardinal

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30
Q

together the ___ and ___ ligamnets anchor the cervix

A

uterosacral & cardinal

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31
Q

retroversion has the ___ and ___ on the SAME axis

A

cervix & vagina

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32
Q

retroflexion has the __ and __ on the SAME axis

A

cervix & body of uterus

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33
Q

Originate from the lateral region of the cervix and along the lateral margin of the uterine corpus

A

cardinal ligament

34
Q

Originate from the uterine cornua and extend across the pelvic space from posterior to anterior

A

round ligament

35
Q

This ligamnet loosely tether the uterine fundus and tilt it forward in the pelvis

A

round ligament

36
Q

divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior pelvic compartments

A

broad ligament

37
Q

suspends the uterus and attach to the ovaries

A

broad ligament

38
Q

anterior cul de sac

A

peritoneum lies b/w the anterior surface of the uterus and the bladder

39
Q

pouch of douglas or posterior cul de sac

A

most posterior and dependent portion of peritoneal sac b/w uterus and rectum

40
Q

fallopian tubes extend from ___ to the ovary

A

fundus of uterus

41
Q

lies along the free edge of the broad ligament

A

fallopian tubes

42
Q

3 layers of the fallopian tubes

A
  1. outer serosal
  2. middle muscular
  3. iner mucosal
43
Q

FT length

A

7-12 cm

44
Q

T/F: surface of the ovary is covered in peritoneum

A

FALSE- covered by single layer of cells (germinal epithelium)

45
Q

how to calculate volume of ovary

A
  • 3 perpendicular measurements
  • length, height (sag)
  • height (trv)
46
Q

anterior margin of ovary attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament by the ___

A

mesovarium

47
Q

3 anchoring structures that suspend the ovary in pelvic space

A
  1. ovarian ligamnet
  2. infundibulopelvic ligament (suspensory)
  3. mesovarium
48
Q

ligament extends from the uterine cornu to the ovary

A

ovarian

49
Q

ligament passes from pelvic brim to the lateral pole of ovary

A

suspensory

50
Q

primary route of access for vessels entering ovarian hilum but minimal suspensory support

A

mesovarium

51
Q

ligament that extends from posterior surface of broad ligament

A

mesovarium

52
Q

the ___ is the bulk of the ovary containing a large number of developing follicles

A

cortex

53
Q

centre of the ovary that contains blood vessels

A

medulla

54
Q

beneath the germinal epithelium is the ___

A

capsule “tunica albuginea”

55
Q

ovarian blood supply

A
  1. ovarian arteries

- superior to the bifurcation of iliac arteries

56
Q

course of ovarian arteries

A
  • downwards over psoas muscle within uterus

- through suspensory ligamnet & masovarium into ovarian hilum

57
Q

T/F: ovarian veins run the same course of the ovarian arteries until the reach the abdomen

A

true

58
Q

drains the pelvic organs and muscles

A

internal iliac veins

59
Q

RT ovarian vein drains into ___

A

IVC

60
Q

LT ovarian vein drains into ___

A

left renal vein

61
Q

blood supply to the uterus

A

MAINLY uterine artery
-branch of internal iliac
& ovarian artery

62
Q

course from cervix to fundus along the lateral edge of the uterus

A

uterine arteries

63
Q

the ___ arteries arise form the uterus arteries and circle the uterus, just beneath the serosal surface (peritoneum)

A

arcuate

64
Q

arcuate arteries branch through myometrium towards endometrium. branches are called

A

radial arteries

65
Q

radial arteries branch into ___ & ___ (what do they serve)

A
  1. basal arteries
    - serve basal layer of endometrium
  2. spiral arteries
    - serve the functional layer of endometrium
66
Q

what arteries undergo substantial anatomic changes during the menstrual cycle

A

spiral

67
Q

What are the names of the spaces between 1. the pubis and bladder, 2. the uterus and urinary bladder, and 3. uterus and rectum?

A
  1. space of ritzius
  2. anterior cul de sac
  3. pouch of douglas (posterior cul de sac)
68
Q

ovarian artery originate from ___ whereas the uterine artery originates from ___

A
  1. aorta

2. iliac arteries

69
Q

define Dysmenorrhea

A

painful periods

70
Q

define Menorrhagia

A

abnormally long or heavy periods

71
Q

define Oligomenorrhea

A

abnormally short or light periods

72
Q

define Amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

73
Q

menarche

A

time of first period

74
Q

premenarche

A

time before first period

75
Q

menopause

A

end of menstrual cycle

76
Q

___ is cylindrical, high in pelvis, and located along the same axis of the vagina

A

uterus

77
Q

After ___ the corpus and fundus shrink and regress to the prepubertal state

A

menopause

78
Q

The ___ ligament divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior pelvic compartments

A

broad

79
Q

Ovaries attach to the ___ surface of the broad ligament. Why?

A

posterior

-constraining their movements to the posterior pelvic compartment

80
Q

Lies along the free edge of the broad ligament

A

fallopian tubes

81
Q

Surface of the ovary is not covered by ___ but a single layer of cells called germinal epithelium

A

peritoneum

IMG1004: OB-GYN (12 decks)

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