week 2- female pelvis Flashcards by Sar D

uterus is __/ ___ to bladder

superior / posterior

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lies between the bladder and the rectum

vagina

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posterior wall of vagina is ___ than the anterior wall

longer

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vaginal blood supply for anterior surface

uterine artery

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vaginal blood supply for the posterior surface

internal iliac artery

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uterus is surrounded by 2 layers of broad ligament ___, bladder ___, sigmoid colon ___

laterally
anteriorly
posteriorly

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4 segments of the uterus

fundus
body
isthmus
cervix

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uterine cavity is ___ at the fundus and ___ at the isthmus

widest

2. narrowest

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3 layers of the uterus wall

outer serosa or perimetrium
middle thick myometrium
inner lining- endometrium

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which layer of the uterus cannot be seen sonographically

perimetrium

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superficial layer of endometrium- ___ is shed each month with menstruation. Deep endometrium layer called ___

zona functionalis

basal layer

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in the menstrual phase the endometrium is sonographically ___ and ___

thin

- hyperechoic

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in the proliferative phase, the endometrium ___

thickens due to estrogen surge

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in the proliferative phase the echogenicity of the basal layer ___ and ___ in the functional layer. Leads to tripple line sign

increases

- decreases

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characteristic sign of the late proliferative endometrium

triple line

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during the secretory phase the endometrium appears ___, ___, and ___

homogeneous
hyperechoic
thick

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endometrial thickness of 1mm

after menstruation

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endometrial thickness of 14mm

prior to mensturation

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T/F: when measure in endometrium AP, you include the outer hypoechoic layer

FALSE

-that is the myometrium

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age where uterus has characteristic inverted pear shape

puberty and beyond

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length of uterus in prepubertal

1-3.3cm long

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refers to the axis of the uterus body related to the cervix

flexion

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refers to the axis of the cervix relative to the vagina

version

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tipping of whole uterus towards anterior wall

anteverted

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fundus is bent towards anterior wall

anteflexed

tipping of whole uterus towards sacrum

retroverted

bending of fundus towards rectum

retroflexed

uterine ligaments

1. cardinal ligament - - uterosacral ligamnet 2. round ligament 3. broad ligamnet

___ edge of the ___ ligament is denser and identified as the uterosacral ligamnet

- posterior | - cardinal

together the ___ and ___ ligamnets anchor the cervix

uterosacral & cardinal

retroversion has the ___ and ___ on the SAME axis

cervix & vagina

retroflexion has the __ and __ on the SAME axis

cervix & body of uterus

Originate from the lateral region of the cervix and along the lateral margin of the uterine corpus

cardinal ligament

Originate from the uterine cornua and extend across the pelvic space from posterior to anterior

round ligament

This ligamnet loosely tether the uterine fundus and tilt it forward in the pelvis

round ligament

divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior pelvic compartments

broad ligament

suspends the uterus and attach to the ovaries

broad ligament

anterior cul de sac

peritoneum lies b/w the anterior surface of the uterus and the bladder

pouch of douglas or posterior cul de sac

most posterior and dependent portion of peritoneal sac b/w uterus and rectum

fallopian tubes extend from ___ to the ovary

fundus of uterus

lies along the free edge of the broad ligament

fallopian tubes

3 layers of the fallopian tubes

1. outer serosal 2. middle muscular 3. iner mucosal

FT length

7-12 cm

T/F: surface of the ovary is covered in peritoneum

FALSE- covered by single layer of cells (germinal epithelium)

how to calculate volume of ovary

- 3 perpendicular measurements - length, height (sag) - height (trv)

anterior margin of ovary attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament by the ___

mesovarium

3 anchoring structures that suspend the ovary in pelvic space

1. ovarian ligamnet 2. infundibulopelvic ligament (suspensory) 3. mesovarium

ligament extends from the uterine cornu to the ovary

ovarian

ligament passes from pelvic brim to the lateral pole of ovary

suspensory

primary route of access for vessels entering ovarian hilum but minimal suspensory support

mesovarium

ligament that extends from posterior surface of broad ligament

mesovarium

the ___ is the bulk of the ovary containing a large number of developing follicles

cortex

centre of the ovary that contains blood vessels

medulla

beneath the germinal epithelium is the ___

capsule "tunica albuginea"

ovarian blood supply

1. ovarian arteries | - superior to the bifurcation of iliac arteries

course of ovarian arteries

- downwards over psoas muscle within uterus | - through suspensory ligamnet & masovarium into ovarian hilum

T/F: ovarian veins run the same course of the ovarian arteries until the reach the abdomen

true

drains the pelvic organs and muscles

internal iliac veins

RT ovarian vein drains into ___

IVC

LT ovarian vein drains into ___

left renal vein

blood supply to the uterus

MAINLY uterine artery -branch of internal iliac & ovarian artery

course from cervix to fundus along the lateral edge of the uterus

uterine arteries

the ___ arteries arise form the uterus arteries and circle the uterus, just beneath the serosal surface (peritoneum)

arcuate

arcuate arteries branch through myometrium towards endometrium. branches are called

radial arteries

radial arteries branch into ___ & ___ (what do they serve)

1. basal arteries - serve basal layer of endometrium 2. spiral arteries - serve the functional layer of endometrium

what arteries undergo substantial anatomic changes during the menstrual cycle

spiral

What are the names of the spaces between 1. the pubis and bladder, 2. the uterus and urinary bladder, and 3. uterus and rectum?

1. space of ritzius 2. anterior cul de sac 3. pouch of douglas (posterior cul de sac)

ovarian artery originate from ___ whereas the uterine artery originates from ___

1. aorta | 2. iliac arteries

define Dysmenorrhea

painful periods

define Menorrhagia

abnormally long or heavy periods

define Oligomenorrhea

abnormally short or light periods

define Amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

menarche

time of first period

premenarche

time before first period

menopause

end of menstrual cycle

___ is cylindrical, high in pelvis, and located along the same axis of the vagina

uterus

After ___ the corpus and fundus shrink and regress to the prepubertal state

menopause

The ___ ligament divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior pelvic compartments

broad

Ovaries attach to the ___ surface of the broad ligament. Why?

posterior | -constraining their movements to the posterior pelvic compartment

Lies along the free edge of the broad ligament

fallopian tubes

Surface of the ovary is not covered by ___ but a single layer of cells called germinal epithelium

peritoneum