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IMG1004: OB-GYN > week 12- MSK > Flashcards

week 12- MSK Flashcards

1
Q

skeleton is composed of 2 tissues

A
  • bone

- cartilage

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2
Q

skeleton is composed of 3 cell types

A
  • osteoblasts
  • osteoclasts
  • chondrocytes
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3
Q

skeletal tissue derive from 3 embryonic cell lineages

A
  1. cranial neural crest
  2. paraxial mesoderm
  3. lateral plate mesoderm
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4
Q

CRANIOFACIAL SKELETON, CALVARIUM, MIDFACE, MANDIBLE AND TEETH DERIVE FROM

A

cranial neural crest cell

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5
Q

axial skeleton derived from

A

paraxial mesoderm

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6
Q

limbs derive from

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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7
Q

notochord and neural tube form in week

A

3

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8
Q

intraembryonic mesoderm lateral to the notochord and neural tube thicken to form 2 longitudinal columns of ____

A

paraxial mesoderm

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9
Q

appear as bead-like elevations along the dorsolateral surface of the embryo.

A

somites

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10
Q

somites differentiate into 2 parts:

A
  1. ventromedial part

2. dorsolateral part

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11
Q

ventromedial part is the ___ and ___

A

sclerotome vertebra and ribs

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12
Q

dermomyotome from the

  • myoblasts (muscle cells)
  • dermis (fibroblasts)
A

dorsolateral part

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13
Q

neural plate fuse to form the neural tube and is made from

A

ectoderm

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14
Q

limb buds start to develop in week 6, as clusters of ___ cells covered by ___

A

mesenchymal

ectoderm

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15
Q

Limbs develop in a ____ sequence

A

proximodistal

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16
Q

the __and ___ form first, followed by ___ and ___, ___ and ___, metacarpal and matatarsal, and finally phalanges

A
  1. humerus & femur
  2. radius & ulna
  3. tibial & fibula
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17
Q

osteogenesis begins in the __ and ___ by 8 weeks

A

clavicle & mandible

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18
Q

by __-__ weeks, the primary ossification centers of the long bones formed

A

11-12

19
Q

___ are primary ossification centres

A

diaphysis

-shaft of long bones

20
Q

___ are secondary ossification centres

A

epiphysis

-ends of long bones

21
Q

epiphysis form __ or articulation with another bone

A

joints

22
Q

most secondary ossification centres develop ___

A

after birth

23
Q

prenatally, ___ epiphysis are visible at 32-35 weeks

A

distal femoral

24
Q

prenatally, ___ epiphysis are visible by 34-35 weeks

A

proximal tibia (sometimes prox humerus)

25
Q

Visualization of these epiphyses aids in the determination of fetal ___ maturity in late pregnancy

A

lung

26
Q

limbs are fully developed and primary ossification centers image at __ weeks

A

10

27
Q

metacarples and phalanges of hands imaged ___

A

second trimester

28
Q

most severe skeletal anomalies picked up on US at

A

19-20 weeks

29
Q

mild forms of anomalies expressed __ in pregnancy

A

later

30
Q

most common measured long bone

A

femur (leg bone)

31
Q

echogenicity of the femur

A

equally hyperechoic

32
Q

__ has similar appearance to femur

A

humerus (arm where bicep is)

33
Q

tibia is __ than ___ and oriented medially

A

thicker

fibula

34
Q

fibula lies

A

laterally

35
Q

distal radius and ulna should end at __ point

A

the same

36
Q

ulna is __ than radius

A

longer

37
Q

tibia is the __ bone

A

front/ medial of leg

38
Q

fibula is the ___ bone

A

lateral of leg

39
Q

normal appearance of fetal hand is __ hypoechoic carpal bones, 5 ___ metacarpal bones, 5 digits of ___ lengths

A

unossified
hyperechoic
varrying

40
Q

hand should always be seen in __ and ___

A

flexion

extension

41
Q

foot has 5 __ bones

A

tarsal

42
Q

technical factors that inhibit sonogrpaher ability to visualize fetal limbs

A
  • not enough amniotic fluid
  • too much amniotic fluid
  • limbs in NEAR field
43
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

too much fluid in baby swimming pool

44
Q

__ weeks LMP start to grow limbs, ___ weeks LMP can see hands / feet

A

6

8

IMG1004: OB-GYN (12 decks)

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