week 11 - fetal face, neck, spine Flashcards
The ___ solidifies early, but the upper jaw, lip, and nose merge over a period of weeks.
lower jaw
The middle of the upper lip is formed by continuation of the ___ prominence
frontonasal
all parts of face are originally___ and must __ to form face
laterally
fuse centrally
orbits and eyes are observed at ___ weeks but clearly seen by __ weeks
12
16
when scanning we must look at the eyes to determine ___ and ___
number
position
seen as a small echogenic oval within the orbit
lens
eyes are too close together
hypotelorism
eyes are too far
hypertelorism
microphthalmia
eyes are too small
orbital view is obtained in what scanning planes
coronal or trv
t/f: orbits are routinely measured and imaged
false; only measured not routinely imaged
outer orbital measure
outer eye to outer eye
-binocular
___ is the measurement of choice because of its larger size has a greater range of variability therefore is the most reliable
outer orbital measure (binocular)
looking at fetal face mainly for (2)
- cleft lip/ palate
- swallowing and tongue motion
what can we do to see better if we question a cleft lip
3D
in what scanning view will we see the presence and normal configuration of the nasal bone, lips, chin & forehead
midline sagittal
why do we look at the ears
notice the position and size
short ears are associated with trisomy
13 & 18
low set ears are associated with trisomy
21 - downsyndrome
facial screening is limited by (4)
- Oligohydramnios ( not enough amnionic fluid)
- bone shadow
- maternal obesity
- feal position
imaging the fetal neck is transcerebellar in what plane(s)
- sag
- axial (trv)
- coronal
what is evaluated when imaging fetal neck
nuchal fold
Nuchal fold should have measurement of ___from 15 wks.- 22 wks
6mm or greater
landmarks for nuchal fold
cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), cerebellum, cristerna magna
