week 1 - intro to pelvic sono

Question 1

bones that make up the female pelvis

Answer 1

1. innominate
   - ilium, ishium, pubis
2. sacrum & cocyx

Question 2

how many innominate bone structures make up pelvis

Answer 2

2. (1 on each side fuse @ sacrum & pubis)

Question 3

What bones form the posterior wall of the pelvis

Answer 3

sacrum & coccyx

Question 4

what bones form the lateral and anterior walls

Answer 4

innominate

-ilium, ishium, pubis

Question 5

The Innominate bones join posteriorly at the ___ and anteriorly in the ___

Answer 5

1. sacrum

2. pubis

Question 6

The ___ surface of each of the innominate bone forms the acetabulum, the socket for the femoral head.

Answer 6

outer

Question 7

3 principles for female pelvis

Answer 7

1. provide weight bearing bridge b/w spine and lower limbs
2. directs pathway of fetal head
3. protect reproductive organs

Question 8

True and False pelvis separated by imaginary line

Answer 8

Linea terminalis

Question 9

The ___ pelvis is below the linea terminalis, has a horizontally oriented inlet and a vertically oriented outlet

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Pelvic colon, rectum, bladder, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, suspensory ligaments.

Answer 10

true pelvis organs

Question 11

Ileum, sigmoid Colon

Answer 11

false pelvis organs

Question 12

pelvic floor muscles

Answer 12

levator ani & coccygeus

Question 13

___ is superior to iliopectineal line (linea terminalis)

Answer 13

false pelvis

Question 14

pelvic posterior wall muscles

Answer 14

primiformis & psoas major

Question 15

sonographically ___ have these characteristics: Borders outlined by echogenic fascia & retroperitoneal fat, contain linear striations

Answer 15

pelvic muscles

Question 16

3 levator ani muscles

Answer 16

1. puborectalis
2. pubococcxygeus
3. iliococcygeus

Question 17

muscles that make up the the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 17

1. levator ani

2. coccygeus

Question 18

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: Midline anterolateral support

Answer 18

pubococcygeus

Question 19

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: Posterolateral Support

Answer 19

iliococcygeus

Question 20

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: Anterior support

Answer 20

puborectalis

Question 21

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: sacral support

Answer 21

coccygeus

Question 22

2 muscles in true pelvis that functionally relate to hip movement

Answer 22

1. Piriformis

2. Obturator Internus (Ob int.)

Question 23

muscles that exit the pelvis thru the lesser sciatic notch to the greater trochanter

Answer 23

Ob int. (Obturator Internus)

Question 24

greater sciatic notches are filled in by the ___ muscles, which arises from the sacrum and margins of Greater Sciatic notches and extend posteriorly to insert into the greater trochanter

Answer 24

piriformis

Question 25

Ob int. muscles are ___ to piriformis muscles

Answer 25

anterior

Question 26

posterior pelvis muscles

Answer 26

1. illiopsoas 2. psoas 3. iliacus

Question 27

anterior pelvis muscle

Answer 27

linea alba | - fuse L & R recuts abdominus

Question 28

muscle superior to the pubis, around symphysis to the inferior surface of costal cartilage ( rib 5-7) between the umbilicus and the xiphoid

Answer 28

rectus abdominis

Question 29

T/ F & reason: for pelvic US exams we want bladder full

Answer 29

True - window to view pelvis since it will be pushed up against it

Question 30

Name the bones that create the acetabulum? What is the acetabulum?

Answer 30

- innominate bones | - socket for the femoral head

Question 31

T/F: Coccygeus is part of Levator ani

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

briefly describe hormonal changes in menstrual cycle

Answer 32

day 1: bleed - low estrogen - stimulate GRH in hypothalam - stimulate gradual increase of FSH & LH from ant. pituitary - sharp peak of estrogen before ovulation (late follicular phase) - cause inhibition of FSH but stimulation of LH - induces ovulation - estrogen decrease after ovulation - progesterone secretion increase - if no fertilization corpus luteum regress - drop of progesterone and estrogen - endometrium disintegrate and menstruation occur

Question 33

The Basic Function of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 33

- reproduce - provide new lining for implantation - nutrients for new egg

Question 34

define menarche

Answer 34

time of first menstrual period

Question 35

function of ___: stimulate release of FSH & LH by anterior pituitary that act on ovaries

Answer 35

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)

Question 36

function of ___: stimulates the development of the ovarian follicles and the production of estrogen by the follicular cells

Answer 36

FSH

Question 37

function of ___: serves as the “trigger” for ovulation and stimulates the follicular cells and corpus luteum to produce progesterone

Answer 37

LH

Question 38

function of ___: stimulate the growth of egg follicle

Answer 38

estrogen

Question 39

where is estrogen produced

Answer 39

ovaries

Question 40

function of ___: prepares endometrium for implantation (thickens it) & mammary glands for lactation

Answer 40

progesterone

Question 41

where is progesterone produced

Answer 41

corpus luteum

Question 42

3 phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 42

1. menstrual phase (days 1-5) 2. proliferative phase (day 5-14) 3. luteal/ secretory phase (14-28)

Question 43

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) produce cyclic changes in the ovaries  known as

Answer 43

ovarian cycle

Question 44

what happens in the menstrual phase

Answer 44

lasts 4-5 days - endometrium sheds - ends with thin endometrium

Question 45

what happens in the proliferative phase

Answer 45

lasts 9 days | -endometrium thickens as follicle grows

Question 46

what happens in the luteal phase

Answer 46

lasts 13 days - formation and growth of corpus luteum - endometrium thicken bc of estrogen & progesterone from corpus luteum - no fertilization = corpus disintegrate - -drop of estrogen and progesterone

Question 47

Degeneration of the corpus luteum is prevented by ___ 

Answer 47

HCG | -used in pregnancy tests

Question 48

ALARA

Answer 48

as low as reasonably possible

Question 49

transabdominal probe/ bladder status

Answer 49

- 3.5-5 MHz curved linear | - full

Question 50

transvaginal probe / bladder status

Answer 50

- 8 MHz | - empty

Question 51

Which muscle reside in the false pelvis?

Answer 51

iliopsoas

Question 52

Endometrial sloughing occurs during what phase?

Answer 52

early follicular / menstruation