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IMG1004: OB-GYN > week 1 - intro to pelvic sono > Flashcards

week 1 - intro to pelvic sono Flashcards

1
Q

bones that make up the female pelvis

A
  1. innominate
    - ilium, ishium, pubis
  2. sacrum & cocyx
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2
Q

how many innominate bone structures make up pelvis

A
  1. (1 on each side fuse @ sacrum & pubis)
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3
Q

What bones form the posterior wall of the pelvis

A

sacrum & coccyx

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4
Q

what bones form the lateral and anterior walls

A

innominate

-ilium, ishium, pubis

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5
Q

The Innominate bones join posteriorly at the ___ and anteriorly in the ___

A
  1. sacrum

2. pubis

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6
Q

The ___ surface of each of the innominate bone forms the acetabulum, the socket for the femoral head.

A

outer

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7
Q

3 principles for female pelvis

A
  1. provide weight bearing bridge b/w spine and lower limbs
  2. directs pathway of fetal head
  3. protect reproductive organs
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8
Q

True and False pelvis separated by imaginary line

A

Linea terminalis

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9
Q

The ___ pelvis is below the linea terminalis, has a horizontally oriented inlet and a vertically oriented outlet

A

True

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10
Q

Pelvic colon, rectum, bladder, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, suspensory ligaments.

A

true pelvis organs

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11
Q

Ileum, sigmoid Colon

A

false pelvis organs

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12
Q

pelvic floor muscles

A

levator ani & coccygeus

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13
Q

___ is superior to iliopectineal line (linea terminalis)

A

false pelvis

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14
Q

pelvic posterior wall muscles

A

primiformis & psoas major

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15
Q

sonographically ___ have these characteristics: Borders outlined by echogenic fascia & retroperitoneal fat, contain linear striations

A

pelvic muscles

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16
Q

3 levator ani muscles

A
  1. puborectalis
  2. pubococcxygeus
  3. iliococcygeus
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17
Q

muscles that make up the the pelvic diaphragm

A
  1. levator ani

2. coccygeus

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18
Q

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: Midline anterolateral support

A

pubococcygeus

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19
Q

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: Posterolateral Support

A

iliococcygeus

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20
Q

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: Anterior support

A

puborectalis

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21
Q

pelvic diaphragm muscle function: sacral support

A

coccygeus

22
Q

2 muscles in true pelvis that functionally relate to hip movement

A
  1. Piriformis

2. Obturator Internus (Ob int.)

23
Q

muscles that exit the pelvis thru the lesser sciatic notch to the greater trochanter

A

Ob int. (Obturator Internus)

24
Q

greater sciatic notches are filled in by the ___ muscles, which arises from the sacrum and margins of Greater Sciatic notches and extend posteriorly to insert into the greater trochanter

A

piriformis

25
Q

Ob int. muscles are ___ to piriformis muscles

A

anterior

26
Q

posterior pelvis muscles

A
  1. illiopsoas
  2. psoas
  3. iliacus
27
Q

anterior pelvis muscle

A

linea alba

- fuse L & R recuts abdominus

28
Q

muscle superior to the pubis, around symphysis to the inferior surface of costal cartilage ( rib 5-7) between the umbilicus and the xiphoid

A

rectus abdominis

29
Q

T/ F & reason: for pelvic US exams we want bladder full

A

True - window to view pelvis since it will be pushed up against it

30
Q

Name the bones that create the acetabulum? What is the acetabulum?

A
  • innominate bones

- socket for the femoral head

31
Q

T/F: Coccygeus is part of Levator ani

A

FALSE

32
Q

briefly describe hormonal changes in menstrual cycle

A

day 1: bleed

  • low estrogen
  • stimulate GRH in hypothalam
  • stimulate gradual increase of FSH & LH from ant. pituitary
  • sharp peak of estrogen before ovulation (late follicular phase)
  • cause inhibition of FSH but stimulation of LH
  • induces ovulation
  • estrogen decrease after ovulation
  • progesterone secretion increase
  • if no fertilization corpus luteum regress
  • drop of progesterone and estrogen
  • endometrium disintegrate and menstruation occur
33
Q

The Basic Function of Menstrual Cycle

A
  • reproduce
  • provide new lining for implantation
  • nutrients for new egg
34
Q

define menarche

A

time of first menstrual period

35
Q

function of ___: stimulate release of FSH & LH by anterior pituitary that act on ovaries

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH)

36
Q

function of ___: stimulates the development of the ovarian follicles and the production ofestrogenby the follicular cells

A

FSH

37
Q

function of ___: serves as the “trigger” for ovulation and stimulates the follicular cells and corpus luteum to produce progesterone

A

LH

38
Q

function of ___: stimulate the growth of egg follicle

A

estrogen

39
Q

where is estrogen produced

A

ovaries

40
Q

function of ___: prepares endometrium for implantation (thickens it) & mammary glands for lactation

A

progesterone

41
Q

where is progesterone produced

A

corpus luteum

42
Q

3 phases of menstrual cycle

A
  1. menstrual phase (days 1-5)
  2. proliferative phase (day 5-14)
  3. luteal/ secretory phase (14-28)
43
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) produce cyclic changes in the ovaries known as

A

ovarian cycle

44
Q

what happens in the menstrual phase

A

lasts 4-5 days

  • endometrium sheds
  • ends with thin endometrium
45
Q

what happens in the proliferative phase

A

lasts 9 days

-endometrium thickens as follicle grows

46
Q

what happens in the luteal phase

A

lasts 13 days

  • formation and growth of corpus luteum
  • endometrium thicken bc of estrogen & progesterone from corpus luteum
  • no fertilization = corpus disintegrate
  • -drop of estrogen and progesterone
47
Q

Degeneration of the corpus luteum is prevented by___

A

HCG

-used in pregnancy tests

48
Q

ALARA

A

as low as reasonably possible

49
Q

transabdominal probe/ bladder status

A
  • 3.5-5 MHz curved linear

- full

50
Q

transvaginal probe / bladder status

A
  • 8 MHz

- empty

51
Q

Which muscle reside in the false pelvis?

A

iliopsoas

52
Q

Endometrial sloughing occurs during what phase?

A

early follicular / menstruation

IMG1004: OB-GYN (12 decks)

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