Week 9 Flashcards
what is stress?
the psychological and physical response you experience when you perceive a discrepancy between the demands of a situation and your capacity to cope
what are three indicators of stress?
behavioural, emotional and congnitive
what does stress affect?
perception, moo, memory, attitudes therefore interferes with ability to communicate
positive stress
eustress
What parts of the brain does stress affect?
prefrontal cortex, hippocampus
psychoneuoimmunilogy
how psychosocial influence the immune system
two main risks of stress on physical health
hypertension and stroke
what are the physiological responses of stress?
rapid heart rate
rapid shallow breathing
sweating
reduced digestive activity
what is the term used to describe psychological symptoms of stress?
arousal
what are four examples of stressors
workload, colleagues, clients, schedule
what is stress as a stimuli
when the environment is stressful
what is stress as a response?
your reaction to something stressful in the environment
what is acute stress?
quick to appear, intense, quick to pass
what is chronic stress
prolonged, insidious, lower intensity
what is the primary appraisal
the first step of stress that involves identifying the stress and whether it is threatening, harmful or challenging
what is the secondary appraisal?
the second step of stress where one determines whether they have the resources to hope with the stress
what is eustress
stress that is healthy or gives positive feelings as a result
how is communication impaired by stress?
makes a person short-tempered, poor listening skills, self absorbed, distracted, impatient, judgemental, impaired empathy, agitated, withdrawn, poor memory
what is the level of arousal when one is under stressed
hypostress
what is hyperstress
when someone is over aroused
what is distress
when a person is no longer able to finction
what are some ways to communicate when others are stressed
with empathy, active listening, self-disclosure, questioning for understanding, reframing
what are things NOT to do when someone is stressed?
jump to trying to solve the problem, give advice unless asked
what is trauma
when someone is confronted with a situation that involves death or the threat of death or serious injury and responding with fear, helplessness or hopelessness
what is a traumatic event
perceived and experiences threat to one’s safety or the stability of one’s world
what emotions does trauma involve?
fear, horror, helplessness, sadness, guilt and anger
what is the initial response of someone who is stressed?
intense anxiety and disbelief
disorganised and out of control emotions
feeling detached from the word
what does the feeling of being out of control lead to?
denial, emotional shutdown or shock
what is pathogenic
one of the two trauma response models that focuses on negative outcomes and how to alleviate these outcomes.
This model is victim-based
outcomes include; depression, withdrawal, PTSD, anxiety and poor communication
what is salutogenic?
one of of the two trauma response models that is survivor based. it focuses on the strengths a person has to survive extraordinary challenges.
still feels distressed but also positive outcomes
why do the responses described in the pathogenic model occur?
Because of the social-cognition theory that explains the pre-existing beliefs about self, world and others. traumatic events shatters these assumptions and the individual is plunged into confusion of intrusion, avoidance and hyper-arousal to make sense of the event
what is post traumatic growth?
the challenges of the trauma act as a catalyst for personal growth of recovering from trauma
what is vicarious trauma?
when a person experiences trauma through another’s eyes. often occurs to people in emergency serives
what is secondary trauma?
intergenerational (stolen generation, holocaust)
what is likely to happen to people most in need of support?
they dont receive it
why are family members less helpful than friends while someone is experiencing trauma?
possibly because they have the greatest stake in his or her recovery
what is practiced skill in regard to communicating with someone in trauma?
to help a survivor develop a new schema or perspective on the event
what is the best way to help a person in trauma?
listen and validate their feelings
what are the pressures of post traumatic growth?
survivors may be motivated to see more positive changes than may actually exist which leads to the feeling of inadequacy that compounds the stress
what is the main burden on survivors?
increased suffering when others expect them to recover from the loss or trauma quickly
what are ways to effectively communicate with someone in trauma?
do not under estimate their feelings
be aware of non-verbal messages
listen carefully and avoid judgement
note what images and feelings you experience (self awareness(
determine what the message means to the speaker
convey empathy and support
what are the 5 stages of grief
denial and isolation anger bargaining depression acceptace
what is maladaptive coping?
ways of coping that are immature and defensive
avoids dealing with the problem and doesnt help to reduce the stress in the long term
adaptive coping?
overcoming the emotions and thoughts that are associated with a stressful event.
problem focused coping
attemts to alter the situation that is causing the stress and find solutions that are tangible
emotion focused coping
typically used if stressful situation cannot be changed, focus instead on reaction to it
what are the two categories of support?
instrumental and emotional suport
what are the sub-categories of emotional support?
emotional behaviour, cognitive, humour
what is social support?
the perception we have that others will be around to care for us, support us, love us, comfort us, contribute to our sense of esteem and wel-being
what is resilience?
the ability to utilise personal skills and strengths to cope with stressful situations. bounces back to pre-trauma / pre-stress and functions normally
what are ways to increase resilience?
develop social network build positive belief about self and abilities find sense of purpose or goals in life look for good in situations develop problem solving skills try to embrace change take care of yourself
