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PYB007 > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what is stress?

A

the psychological and physical response you experience when you perceive a discrepancy between the demands of a situation and your capacity to cope

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2
Q

what are three indicators of stress?

A

behavioural, emotional and congnitive

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3
Q

what does stress affect?

A

perception, moo, memory, attitudes therefore interferes with ability to communicate

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4
Q

positive stress

A

eustress

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5
Q

What parts of the brain does stress affect?

A

prefrontal cortex, hippocampus

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6
Q

psychoneuoimmunilogy

A

how psychosocial influence the immune system

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7
Q

two main risks of stress on physical health

A

hypertension and stroke

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8
Q

what are the physiological responses of stress?

A

rapid heart rate
rapid shallow breathing
sweating
reduced digestive activity

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9
Q

what is the term used to describe psychological symptoms of stress?

A

arousal

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10
Q

what are four examples of stressors

A

workload, colleagues, clients, schedule

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11
Q

what is stress as a stimuli

A

when the environment is stressful

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12
Q

what is stress as a response?

A

your reaction to something stressful in the environment

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13
Q

what is acute stress?

A

quick to appear, intense, quick to pass

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14
Q

what is chronic stress

A

prolonged, insidious, lower intensity

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15
Q

what is the primary appraisal

A

the first step of stress that involves identifying the stress and whether it is threatening, harmful or challenging

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16
Q

what is the secondary appraisal?

A

the second step of stress where one determines whether they have the resources to hope with the stress

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17
Q

what is eustress

A

stress that is healthy or gives positive feelings as a result

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18
Q

how is communication impaired by stress?

A

makes a person short-tempered, poor listening skills, self absorbed, distracted, impatient, judgemental, impaired empathy, agitated, withdrawn, poor memory

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19
Q

what is the level of arousal when one is under stressed

A

hypostress

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20
Q

what is hyperstress

A

when someone is over aroused

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21
Q

what is distress

A

when a person is no longer able to finction

22
Q

what are some ways to communicate when others are stressed

A

with empathy, active listening, self-disclosure, questioning for understanding, reframing

23
Q

what are things NOT to do when someone is stressed?

A

jump to trying to solve the problem, give advice unless asked

24
Q

what is trauma

A

when someone is confronted with a situation that involves death or the threat of death or serious injury and responding with fear, helplessness or hopelessness

25
Q

what is a traumatic event

A

perceived and experiences threat to one’s safety or the stability of one’s world

26
Q

what emotions does trauma involve?

A

fear, horror, helplessness, sadness, guilt and anger

27
Q

what is the initial response of someone who is stressed?

A

intense anxiety and disbelief
disorganised and out of control emotions
feeling detached from the word

28
Q

what does the feeling of being out of control lead to?

A

denial, emotional shutdown or shock

29
Q

what is pathogenic

A

one of the two trauma response models that focuses on negative outcomes and how to alleviate these outcomes.
This model is victim-based
outcomes include; depression, withdrawal, PTSD, anxiety and poor communication

30
Q

what is salutogenic?

A

one of of the two trauma response models that is survivor based. it focuses on the strengths a person has to survive extraordinary challenges.
still feels distressed but also positive outcomes

31
Q

why do the responses described in the pathogenic model occur?

A

Because of the social-cognition theory that explains the pre-existing beliefs about self, world and others. traumatic events shatters these assumptions and the individual is plunged into confusion of intrusion, avoidance and hyper-arousal to make sense of the event

32
Q

what is post traumatic growth?

A

the challenges of the trauma act as a catalyst for personal growth of recovering from trauma

33
Q

what is vicarious trauma?

A

when a person experiences trauma through another’s eyes. often occurs to people in emergency serives

34
Q

what is secondary trauma?

A

intergenerational (stolen generation, holocaust)

35
Q

what is likely to happen to people most in need of support?

A

they dont receive it

36
Q

why are family members less helpful than friends while someone is experiencing trauma?

A

possibly because they have the greatest stake in his or her recovery

37
Q

what is practiced skill in regard to communicating with someone in trauma?

A

to help a survivor develop a new schema or perspective on the event

38
Q

what is the best way to help a person in trauma?

A

listen and validate their feelings

39
Q

what are the pressures of post traumatic growth?

A

survivors may be motivated to see more positive changes than may actually exist which leads to the feeling of inadequacy that compounds the stress

40
Q

what is the main burden on survivors?

A

increased suffering when others expect them to recover from the loss or trauma quickly

41
Q

what are ways to effectively communicate with someone in trauma?

A

do not under estimate their feelings
be aware of non-verbal messages
listen carefully and avoid judgement
note what images and feelings you experience (self awareness(
determine what the message means to the speaker
convey empathy and support

42
Q

what are the 5 stages of grief

A 
denial and isolation
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptace
43
Q

what is maladaptive coping?

A

ways of coping that are immature and defensive

avoids dealing with the problem and doesnt help to reduce the stress in the long term

44
Q

adaptive coping?

A

overcoming the emotions and thoughts that are associated with a stressful event.

45
Q

problem focused coping

A

attemts to alter the situation that is causing the stress and find solutions that are tangible

46
Q

emotion focused coping

A

typically used if stressful situation cannot be changed, focus instead on reaction to it

47
Q

what are the two categories of support?

A

instrumental and emotional suport

48
Q

what are the sub-categories of emotional support?

A

emotional behaviour, cognitive, humour

49
Q

what is social support?

A

the perception we have that others will be around to care for us, support us, love us, comfort us, contribute to our sense of esteem and wel-being

50
Q

what is resilience?

A

the ability to utilise personal skills and strengths to cope with stressful situations. bounces back to pre-trauma / pre-stress and functions normally

51
Q

what are ways to increase resilience?

A 
develop social network
build positive belief about self and abilities
find sense of purpose or goals in life
look for good in situations
develop problem solving skills
try to embrace change
take care of yourself

PYB007 (10 decks)

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