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Pathology 1 > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A AKAs

A

Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic acid

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2
Q

Retinol is the __ and __ form of Vit. A. __% stored in __ and the amount kept in storage is enough to supply the body for __ months

A 
storage 
transport
90
liver
6
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3
Q

Retinal maintains normal __ in __ __

A

vision

dim light

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4
Q

Retinoic Acid Is important in determining life span of __ cells

A

epithelial

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5
Q

Vit. A must be eaten with __ for absorption

A

fat

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6
Q

__ are natural precursors for retinal

A

carotinoids

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7
Q

Retinoids have a __ affect

A

teratogenic

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8
Q

Deficiency of retinal results in __ ___

A

night blindness

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9
Q

Defiency of retinoic acid causes __ due to the obstruction of ducts of __ gland ; because __ cells have a decreased life span , __ sloughing of cells, clump together and block ducts.

A

xeropthalmia
lacrimal
epithelial
increased

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10
Q

Deficiency of Retinal: Xerosis: Sloughed epithelial cells of conjuctiva form __ close to __ known as __ __

A

plaques
cornea
Bitot’s Spots

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11
Q

Bitot’s spots leads to ___, which is softening damage to the __ –> __ of cornea –> __ via __ mechanisms

A 
Keratomalacia
cornea
Softening
Blindness
Healing
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12
Q

Retinal Deficiency: __ metaplasia –> ___ squamous cells

A

Squamous

keratinizing

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13
Q

Vitamin A enhances __, particularly in __: __% mortality rate due to measles, pneumonia, infecton diarrhea

A

immunity
children
30

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14
Q

Symptoms of Hyervitaminosis A include signs and symptoms similar to that of __ tumor or __ pressure. Must rule out __ becuase of similar symptoms.

A

brain
intracranial
Hypertension

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15
Q

Symptoms of Chronic Hypervitaminosis A

A 
Weight Loss
Nausea/Vomiting
Dry mucosa of lips
bone and joint pain
Hepatomegaly**
Hyperostosis**
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16
Q

Vitamin E AKA

A

alpha-tocopherol

17
Q

Vit E functions in cell __ maintenance - protects and __ damage from __ __–> antioxidant in concert with __ and __

A 
membrane
repairs
free radicals
Vitamin C 
selenium
18
Q

2 types of cell membranes most susceptible to Vit E deficiency

A

RBCs

neurons

19
Q

Vit E deficiency causes degeneration of __ in the __ columns on the spinal cord. Also causes loss of nerve cells in the __.

A

axons
posterior
DRG

20
Q

Degenerative changes that occur in the spinocerebellar tract due to Vit E deficiency

A 
Absent tendon reflexes
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Loss of position and vibration sense
Loss of pain sensation (DRG)
21
Q

Vit K aids in __ of blood and is produced in the __ __. It is usually found in __ products.

A

coagulation
gut flora
animal

22
Q

Vit K is important in the production of which clotting factors?

A 
CF II (Prothrombin)
CF VII (Proconvertin)
CF IX (Christmas Factor)
CF X (Suart-Prower)
23
Q

Vit K is also used in the production of __

A

proteins

24
Q

Bleeding diathesis is a __ disease of __ due to Vit K deficiency. Could result in __. Since there is no established __ __ there is no vitamin K

A

hemorrhagic
newborns
intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke
gut flora

25
Q

What are some symptoms of Vit K deficiency?

A 
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Ecchimoses
Melena (black stool/any hemorrhage from GI tract)
Hematoma
Hematurea (due to kidney bleed)
Beeding gums
26
Q

Condition associated with iron deficiency

A

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

27
Q

Conditions associated with iodine deficiency

A

Hypothyroidism

Goiter

28
Q

Conditions associated with selenium deficiency

A

Kashan’s Disease

Myopathy, Congestive Cardiomyopathy

29
Q

Conditions associated with Copper deficiency

A

Muscle Weakness

Hypopigmentation

30
Q

Conditions associated with Zinc Deficiency

A 
Distinctive rash, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
Anorexia, Diarrhea
Growth Retardatiion
Hypogonadism/ Infertility
Impaired wound healing
Impaired night vision
Impaired immune fxn
Depressed mental fxn
31
Q

Somatic protein compartment includes __ __ and is a reserve __ source

A

skeleteal muscle

protein

32
Q

Visceral protein compartment is predominantly in __ and you can determine if this compartment is used by checking the blood __ level, specifically __

A

liver
protein
albumin

33
Q

Malnourished: <__% normal weight

A

80

34
Q

Kwashiorkor: __-__% of normal weight

A

60-80

35
Q

Marasmus <__% normal weight

A

60

Pathology 1 (9 decks)

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