Week 9 Flashcards by B Burr

Vitamin A AKAs

Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic acid

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Retinol is the __ and __ form of Vit. A. __% stored in __ and the amount kept in storage is enough to supply the body for __ months

storage 
transport
90
liver
6

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Retinal maintains normal __ in __ __

vision

dim light

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Retinoic Acid Is important in determining life span of __ cells

epithelial

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Vit. A must be eaten with __ for absorption

fat

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__ are natural precursors for retinal

carotinoids

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Retinoids have a __ affect

teratogenic

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Deficiency of retinal results in __ ___

night blindness

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Defiency of retinoic acid causes __ due to the obstruction of ducts of __ gland ; because __ cells have a decreased life span , __ sloughing of cells, clump together and block ducts.

xeropthalmia
lacrimal
epithelial
increased

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Deficiency of Retinal: Xerosis: Sloughed epithelial cells of conjuctiva form __ close to __ known as __ __

plaques
cornea
Bitot’s Spots

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Bitot’s spots leads to ___, which is softening damage to the __ –> __ of cornea –> __ via __ mechanisms

Keratomalacia
cornea
Softening
Blindness
Healing

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Retinal Deficiency: __ metaplasia –> ___ squamous cells

Squamous

keratinizing

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Vitamin A enhances __, particularly in __: __% mortality rate due to measles, pneumonia, infecton diarrhea

immunity
children
30

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Symptoms of Hyervitaminosis A include signs and symptoms similar to that of __ tumor or __ pressure. Must rule out __ becuase of similar symptoms.

brain
intracranial
Hypertension

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Symptoms of Chronic Hypervitaminosis A

Weight Loss
Nausea/Vomiting
Dry mucosa of lips
bone and joint pain
Hepatomegaly**
Hyperostosis**

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Vitamin E AKA

alpha-tocopherol

Vit E functions in cell __ maintenance - protects and __ damage from __ __–> antioxidant in concert with __ and __

membrane
repairs
free radicals
Vitamin C 
selenium

2 types of cell membranes most susceptible to Vit E deficiency

RBCs

neurons

Vit E deficiency causes degeneration of __ in the __ columns on the spinal cord. Also causes loss of nerve cells in the __.

axons
posterior
DRG

Degenerative changes that occur in the spinocerebellar tract due to Vit E deficiency

Absent tendon reflexes
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Loss of position and vibration sense
Loss of pain sensation (DRG)

Vit K aids in __ of blood and is produced in the __ __. It is usually found in __ products.

coagulation
gut flora
animal

Vit K is important in the production of which clotting factors?

CF II (Prothrombin)
CF VII (Proconvertin)
CF IX (Christmas Factor)
CF X (Suart-Prower)

Vit K is also used in the production of __

proteins

Bleeding diathesis is a __ disease of __ due to Vit K deficiency. Could result in __. Since there is no established __ __ there is no vitamin K

hemorrhagic
newborns
intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke
gut flora

What are some symptoms of Vit K deficiency?

``` Intracranial Hemorrhage Ecchimoses Melena (black stool/any hemorrhage from GI tract) Hematoma Hematurea (due to kidney bleed) Beeding gums ```

Condition associated with iron deficiency

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

Conditions associated with iodine deficiency

Hypothyroidism | Goiter

Conditions associated with selenium deficiency

Kashan's Disease | Myopathy, Congestive Cardiomyopathy

Conditions associated with Copper deficiency

Muscle Weakness | Hypopigmentation

Conditions associated with Zinc Deficiency

``` Distinctive rash, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica Anorexia, Diarrhea Growth Retardatiion Hypogonadism/ Infertility Impaired wound healing Impaired night vision Impaired immune fxn Depressed mental fxn ```

Somatic protein compartment includes __ __ and is a reserve __ source

skeleteal muscle | protein

Visceral protein compartment is predominantly in __ and you can determine if this compartment is used by checking the blood __ level, specifically __

liver protein albumin

Malnourished: <__% normal weight

Kwashiorkor: __-__% of normal weight

60-80

Marasmus <__% normal weight