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Pathology 1 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Lines of Zahn represent a special type of thrombi characterized by visible and microscopic __ produced by alternating layers. Pale layer composed of __ mixed with __ and dark layer composed of __

A

laminations
platelets
fibrin
RBCs

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2
Q

Where are 2 areas where thrombi with lines of Zahn can be found?

A

Heart

Aorta (Usually Arch)

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3
Q

Hemodynamic stress is normal __ and __ resulting in __, accelerated and strengthened by __

A

wear
tear
arteriosclerosis
hypertension

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4
Q

Stretching of endothelial cells from the inner surface of blood vessel –> __ fibers are exposed –> __ formed

A

collagen

thrombus

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis is caused by __ changes, such as formation of __ in __ walls.

A

specific
plaque
arterial

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6
Q

___ thrombosis is caused by medical care, ex. ___ and __ into veins damage the endothelia resulting in thrombus formation

A

Latrogenic
Iv lines
Injections

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7
Q

Decreased rate of flow causes a disruption in __ blood flow –> __ flow closer to the vessel wall

A

axial

platelets

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8
Q

If walls have damage, __ are more likely to be activated because of their proximity to the __ wall –> __ formation

A

platelets
vessel
thrombus

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9
Q

What are causes for decreased rate of flow in the Arterial system?

A

Cardiac Damage

Increased blood viscosity

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10
Q

In a myocardial infarction, dead heart tissue heals/scars over with ___ tissue which is __-__ tissue –> Decreased __ __

A

fibrotic
non-contractile
cardiac output

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11
Q

Where does a mural thrombus form?

A

In the chambers of the heart

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12
Q

Rheumatic Heart disease: ___ stenosis slows blood flow in the __ __–> __ formation likely; usually leads to __

A

Mitral
Left Atrium
Thrombus
Death

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13
Q

What are 2 possible causes of increased blood viscosity?

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

Polycythemia

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14
Q

Polycytemia is increased ___ (Usually - million/mm3) up to double the normal amount ; increased __ with the vascular wall

A

RBCs
3-5
friction

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15
Q

What are some causes of decreased rate of flow in the venous system?

A

Physical Inactivity
Varicose veins
Turbulence

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16
Q

Physical Inactivity predisposes to thrombus especially in the __ __. __ __ is required to return blood flow to the heart . __% of thrombi form in the deep veins of the leg.

A

lower legs
Muscle contraction
90

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17
Q

Varicose veins prevent __ of the valves because the walls of the veins __ and the valves are not effective and flow goes without __

A

closure
separate
restriction

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18
Q

Turbulence may be due to narrowed or expanded __

A

lumen

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19
Q

What are some pathologies associated with hypercoagulation

A

Extensive burns
Some kidney diseases
heart failure
Widespread tumor growth

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20
Q

Birth control pills cause __

A

hypercoagulation

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21
Q

What is sequela/ae?

A

Pathological Consequences of an event

22
Q

What are the sequelae of thrombosis?

A 
Resolution
Organization
Recanalization
Propagation
Infarction
Embolism
23
Q

In resolution, Thrombus disappears due to high __ function in the blood, therefore __ dangerous sequelae but have a high chance to develop another __

A

fibrinolytic
least
thrombus

24
Q

Recanalization is when reorganization leads to formation of __ within the thrombus.

A

canal

25
Q

Propogation is enlargement of thrombus in areas open to __ __ and their activation; therefore usually in __ where flow is slow and there are __

A

clotting factors
veins
bifurcations

26
Q

___ infarct develops in tissues with one blood vessel supply. What is an example?

A

White

Heart: Coronary Artery

27
Q

___ infarct develops in tissues with two or more blood vessels supplying it. What is an example?

A

Red

Lungs: Pulmonary and Bronchial Arteries

28
Q

Myocardial Infarction is characterized by __ necrosis followed by replacement of the lost tissue by __

A

coagulative

CT

29
Q

__ is most common area for stroke. This is associated with __ necrosis with __ formation. __ cells are responsible for repair.

A

Brain
liquefactive
cavity
Neuroglia

30
Q

___ is the process of repair via neuroglia in the brain. This does not __ which is advantageous for the brain.

A

Gliosis

shrink

31
Q

___ is the most common factor leading to infarction

A

Arthrosclerosis

32
Q

Vasculitis is inflammation of vessel wall due to __ disease, possibly poor __, and leads to decreased __ size and __

A

autoimmune
diet
lumen
ischemia

33
Q

___ artery is most prone to Arteritis. (Vasculitis of artery) What are 3 AKAs?

A

Temporal
Giant Cell Arteritis
Acute/Chronic Granulomatous Vasculitis
Horton’s Disease

34
Q

Treatment of vasculitis includes __ therapy for ~__ month(s)

A

Corticosteroid (Prednisone)

1

35
Q

Arterial Infarction is often accompanied by __ __/ seen in __% of patients. This causes pain in the Proximal regions of __ and __ muscles

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatic
50
hip
shoulder

36
Q

Infarct in ophthalmic artery may lead to temporary or permanent loss of __. __ artery is also often involved in infarction

A

vision

vertebral

37
Q

Paraesophageal hernia is when __ protrudes through diaphragm into __ cavity.

A

stomach

thoracic

38
Q

In paraesophageal hernia, With flexion/compression of the diaphragm, __ of the stomach are __ preventng outflow of venous blood. This leads to increased __ pressure in the veins. This can continue until the pressure of arteries and veins are equal and blood is in __

A

veins
occluded
hydrostatic
stasis

39
Q

Sheehan’s Syndrome AKA

A

Postpartum syndrome

40
Q

Anterior Pituitary receives blood via __ __. During normal pregnancy, the ant pit __ due to increased hormone demand. After delivery the ant pit undergoes __ due to decreased hormonal need.

A

venous plexus
hypertrophies
shrinkage

41
Q

Sheehan’s Syndrome: If complications occur during birth that result in ___ from the entire uterus, the body responds with ___ throughout the body –> __ of venous plexus –> __ and loss of __ of ant. pit.

A 
hemorrhaging
vasoconstriciton
constriction
necrosis
function
42
Q

4 factors affecting infarction

A

Tissue vulnerability to hypoxia
Pattern of vascular supply
Oxygen delivery capacity of the blood
Rate of occlusion development

43
Q

And Embolus is an __ mass moving with the bloodstream. anything other than __(4)__

A 
Abnormal
Serum
WBCs
RBCs
Platelets
44
Q

What is the most common type of embolism?

A

Thromboembolism- piece of embolism breaks off

45
Q

Venous thromboembolisms can easily flow to the __ because lumen size increases as it approaches. Once it reaches the __ __, it stops and obstructs blood flow. In venous system, always ends in __

A

heart
lung capillaries
lung

46
Q

GI venous thromboembolism is due to GI __ and first travels to __ via __ __ vein and stops in __ __

A

tumor
liver
hepatic portal
liver capillaries

47
Q

Arterial thromboembolism forms in the __ __. Whats are 3 possible heart sources of the thrombus?

A

Left Atrium
Mitral Stenosis
Bacterial Endocarditis
Artificial valve

48
Q

Fat embolismcomes from __ bone fracture and enters the __ circulation and travels towards the __

A

long
venous
lungs

49
Q

Fat embolism can cross __ and travel in __ direction towards the brain and causing __ brain hemorrhages

A

capillaries
reverse
purpuric

50
Q

Air embolism must be at least __mL. Gas within the vessels would __ pressure. ___ __ is a pathology in which air embolism blocks blood flow.

A

300
increase
Air Lock

51
Q

Bends AKAs

A

Diver’s Disease

Caisson Disease

52
Q

Bends is characterized by __ changes and changes in concentration of __ in blood due to pressure change; appearance of gas in blood circulation. Pt’s __ side needs to be up–> gas in __ so you can breathe it out.

A

altutude
Nitrogen
RIght
Pulmonary

Pathology 1 (9 decks)

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