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Pathology 1 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Te process of stopping blood loss

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2
Q

What is blood coagulation?

A

The principle mechanism of hemostasis

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3
Q

A blood clot is a mash of __ filaments that traps blood’s __ __ to form a red gelatinous mass

A

protein

formed elements

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4
Q

Fibrin threads hold ___ cells together and they ___ the wounds to prevent loss of blood

A

blood

seal

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5
Q

Clotting factors are present in the blood at all times in their ___ form

A

inactive

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6
Q

Clotting factors become active upon ___ through the __ and __ pathways produced by the ___

A

injury
intrinsic
extrinsic
liver

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7
Q

___ is required to produced clotting factors

A

Vit. K

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8
Q

FIbrinogen Numeral

A

CF I

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9
Q

Prothrombin Numeral

A

CF II

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10
Q

Preaccelerin Numeral

A

CF V

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11
Q

Proconvertin Numeral

A

CF VII

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12
Q

Antihemophilic Factor Numeral

A

CF VIII

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13
Q

Christmas Factor Numeral

A

CF IX

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14
Q

Stuart-Prower factor numeral

A

CF X

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15
Q

Plasma Thromboplastin Antecendent Numeral

A

CF XI

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16
Q

Hageman Factor Numeral

A

CF XII

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17
Q

Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor

A

CF XIII

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18
Q

Fibrinogen is normally inactive and gets activated by ___ which result from ___ from clotting factor ___

A

thrombin
prothrombin
CF X (Stuart-Prower)

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19
Q

The extrinsic pathway is activated by damage to what?

A

Cells within and outside the vessels

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20
Q

In the extrinsic pathway, Tissue factor (aka ___) is released by injured cells and activates ___

A

Thromboplastin

clotting factors

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21
Q

What is the flow of the three factors of the extrinsic pathway?

A

Tissue factor –> Proconvertin (CF VII) –> Stuart-Prower factor (CF X)

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22
Q

The intrinsic pathway is activated when __ fibers of __ cells of blood vessels are exposed to __ flow

A

collagen
subendothelial
blood

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23
Q

Where is the only place that the intrinsic pathway occurs?

A

Inside injured blood vessels

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24
Q

What is the flow of the factors of the intrinsic pathway?

A

Collagen Fibers exposed –> Hageman factor (CF XII) –> Plasma thromboplastin Antecedent (CF XI) –> Christmas Factor (CF IX) –> Stuart-Prower factor (CF X)

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25
Q

Only either the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway is complete (activation of CF X), What is the flow of the remainder of the pathway leading to coagulation?

A

CF X –> Prothrombin (CF II) –> Thrombin –> Fibrinogen (CF I) –> Fibrin

26
Q

Fibrin forms a __ and traps the __ in the blood which leads to __

A

net
formed elements
coagulation

27
Q

___ is a necessary component of coagulation. Patients with severe blood loss are given __ injections to help with clotting.

A

Ca2+

Calcium Chloride

28
Q

Platelet activation and platelet plug only occurs ___ the injured blood vessels. This process begins with the exposure of ___ fibers of ___ cells of blood vessels to blood flow.

A

inside
collagen
subendothelial

29
Q

In platelet activation ___ factor becomes activated and attaches to the exposed __ fibers, stopping movement of the __, where they form a single layer on top of the formed collagen. When this occurs, the platelets become __ and then attach a second layer of platelets, etc…

A

von Willebrand
collagen
platelets
activated

30
Q

Stasis results from __ __ and __ occurring through 2 simultaneous processes.

A

platelet activation

coagulation

31
Q

Platelets activated via von Willenbrand factor also undergo __

A

degranulation

32
Q

Activated platelets release (3)

A

ADP
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)
Growth Factors

33
Q

ADP promotes __ activation

A

platelet

34
Q

Growth factors promote __ chemotaxis

A

fibroblast

35
Q

Anticoagulation system prevents __ or __ blood clotting

A

excess

uncontrolled

36
Q

What are the 3 components of the anticoagulation system?

A

Hemodynamics
Endothelial Mediation
Fibrinolytic system

37
Q

Hemodynamics- __ blood flow is important for coagulation otherwise ___ get washed out and a clot can’t be formed.

A

slow

clotting factors

38
Q

Endothelial Mediation- platelet plug is formed, surrounding uninjured endothelial cells release ___, which prevents extra or excess platelet aggregation.

A

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

39
Q

Fibrinolytic system- CF 12 also activates ____, which converts plasminogen into plasmin, resulting in a ___ of activated clotting factors.

A

tissue plasminogen activator

degradation

40
Q

Petechia aka

A

Pinpoint hemorrhage

41
Q

Scurvy is characterized by a ___ rash seen in kids not getting enough ___

A

petechial

Vitamin C

42
Q

Purpura is larger than a pinpoint, but ___ than 2mm

A

less

43
Q

Ecchymoses are bruises __ than 2mm. WHat are the 3 examples discussed in class?

A

greater
Raccoon eyes
Battle sign
Cushing’s Syndrome

44
Q

Cushing’s syndrome is the overproduction of ___ from adrenal cortex–> __ blood vessels, severe ___, obesity, diabetes, hypertension.

A

Corticosteroids
brittle
osteoporisis

45
Q

A hematoma is leak of blood into __ or __

A

cavities

tissue

46
Q

Normal amount of platelets in blood is __-__

A

250,000-300,000

47
Q

Thrompocytopenia is characterized by platelet count lower than ___. This leaves the individual prone to ___

A

140,000

hemorrhage

48
Q

Von Willenbrand’s Disease is a __, __ disease where children do not produce Von Willenbrand factor and therefore can’t activate ___ or form a ___

A

genetic
autosomal
platelets
platelet plug

49
Q

In Von WIllenbrand’s disease, periodic leakage of blood from mucosa of the ___ and ___ is common and may lead to ____

A 
stomach
duodenum
hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis (black stool)
50
Q

Increased amount of blood lost during menstruation is ___ and this is often associated with ___

A

Menorrhagia

Von Willenbrand’s

51
Q

Metrorrhagia is a serious disorder manifested usually from ___, which results from loss of blood between ___

A

uterus cancer

periods

52
Q

Hemophilia is a __ disorder characterized by the non-production of certain ___

A

genetic

clotting factors

53
Q

Hemophilia usually skips a generation and is passed from __ to __. It is __-chromosome linked

A

mother
son
x

54
Q

Hemophilia A is nonproduction of CF __

A

VIII (Antihemophilic factor)

55
Q

Hemophilia B (aka ___ disease) is the non-production of Cf __

A

Christmas

IX (Christmas Factor)

56
Q

Hemoarthritis is a common problem with ___. Blood loss. Trauma leads to blood loss, especially in the __ joint.

A

Hemophilia

knee

57
Q

In hemorarthritis, ___ released from the __ group into blood destroys the joint ___ and causes degeneration of the joint. Blood must be removed from the joint to prevent degeneration.

A

Iron
Heme
cartilage

58
Q

Hemodynamic disorders are those that arise from interruptions in blood ___

A

flow

59
Q

Thrombosis is platelet activation and aggregation without threat of __ loss or __ damage.

A

blood

vascular

60
Q

Thrombus always originates from a __ __ and maintains point of contact through platelet __ and __

A

vascular wall
activation
aggregation

61
Q

How would you describe a thrombus in the arterial system?

A

Dense and strong, firm and small (fast)

62
Q

How would you describe a thrombus in the venous system?

A

Loose and weak, loose and large (slow)

Pathology 1 (9 decks)

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