Week 6 Flashcards by B Burr

What is hemostasis?

Te process of stopping blood loss

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is blood coagulation?

The principle mechanism of hemostasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A blood clot is a mash of __ filaments that traps blood’s __ __ to form a red gelatinous mass

protein

formed elements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibrin threads hold ___ cells together and they ___ the wounds to prevent loss of blood

blood

seal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clotting factors are present in the blood at all times in their ___ form

inactive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clotting factors become active upon ___ through the __ and __ pathways produced by the ___

injury
intrinsic
extrinsic
liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___ is required to produced clotting factors

Vit. K

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FIbrinogen Numeral

CF I

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Prothrombin Numeral

CF II

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Preaccelerin Numeral

CF V

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proconvertin Numeral

CF VII

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Antihemophilic Factor Numeral

CF VIII

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Christmas Factor Numeral

CF IX

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stuart-Prower factor numeral

CF X

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plasma Thromboplastin Antecendent Numeral

CF XI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hageman Factor Numeral

CF XII

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor

CF XIII

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibrinogen is normally inactive and gets activated by ___ which result from ___ from clotting factor ___

thrombin
prothrombin
CF X (Stuart-Prower)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The extrinsic pathway is activated by damage to what?

Cells within and outside the vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the extrinsic pathway, Tissue factor (aka ___) is released by injured cells and activates ___

Thromboplastin

clotting factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the flow of the three factors of the extrinsic pathway?

Tissue factor –> Proconvertin (CF VII) –> Stuart-Prower factor (CF X)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The intrinsic pathway is activated when __ fibers of __ cells of blood vessels are exposed to __ flow

collagen
subendothelial
blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the only place that the intrinsic pathway occurs?

Inside injured blood vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the flow of the factors of the intrinsic pathway?

Collagen Fibers exposed –> Hageman factor (CF XII) –> Plasma thromboplastin Antecedent (CF XI) –> Christmas Factor (CF IX) –> Stuart-Prower factor (CF X)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Only either the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway is complete (activation of CF X), What is the flow of the remainder of the pathway leading to coagulation?

CF X --> Prothrombin (CF II) --> Thrombin --> Fibrinogen (CF I) --> Fibrin

Fibrin forms a __ and traps the __ in the blood which leads to __

net formed elements coagulation

___ is a necessary component of coagulation. Patients with severe blood loss are given __ injections to help with clotting.

Ca2+ | Calcium Chloride

Platelet activation and platelet plug only occurs ___ the injured blood vessels. This process begins with the exposure of ___ fibers of ___ cells of blood vessels to blood flow.

inside collagen subendothelial

In platelet activation ___ factor becomes activated and attaches to the exposed __ fibers, stopping movement of the __, where they form a single layer on top of the formed collagen. When this occurs, the platelets become __ and then attach a second layer of platelets, etc...

von Willebrand collagen platelets activated

Stasis results from __ __ and __ occurring through 2 simultaneous processes.

platelet activation | coagulation

Platelets activated via von Willenbrand factor also undergo __

degranulation

Activated platelets release _(3)_

ADP Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) Growth Factors

ADP promotes __ activation

platelet

Growth factors promote __ chemotaxis

fibroblast

Anticoagulation system prevents __ or __ blood clotting

excess | uncontrolled

What are the 3 components of the anticoagulation system?

Hemodynamics Endothelial Mediation Fibrinolytic system

Hemodynamics- __ blood flow is important for coagulation otherwise ___ get washed out and a clot can't be formed.

slow | clotting factors

Endothelial Mediation- platelet plug is formed, surrounding uninjured endothelial cells release ___, which prevents extra or excess platelet aggregation.

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Fibrinolytic system- CF 12 also activates ____, which converts plasminogen into plasmin, resulting in a ___ of activated clotting factors.

tissue plasminogen activator | degradation

Petechia aka

Pinpoint hemorrhage

Scurvy is characterized by a ___ rash seen in kids not getting enough ___

petechial | Vitamin C

Purpura is larger than a pinpoint, but ___ than 2mm

less

Ecchymoses are bruises __ than 2mm. WHat are the 3 examples discussed in class?

greater Raccoon eyes Battle sign Cushing's Syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is the overproduction of ___ from adrenal cortex--> __ blood vessels, severe ___, obesity, diabetes, hypertension.

Corticosteroids brittle osteoporisis

A hematoma is leak of blood into __ or __

cavities | tissue

Normal amount of platelets in blood is __-__

250,000-300,000

Thrompocytopenia is characterized by platelet count lower than ___. This leaves the individual prone to ___

140,000 | hemorrhage

Von Willenbrand's Disease is a __, __ disease where children do not produce Von Willenbrand factor and therefore can't activate ___ or form a ___

genetic autosomal platelets platelet plug

In Von WIllenbrand's disease, periodic leakage of blood from mucosa of the ___ and ___ is common and may lead to ____

``` stomach duodenum hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis (black stool) ```

Increased amount of blood lost during menstruation is ___ and this is often associated with ___

Menorrhagia | Von Willenbrand's

Metrorrhagia is a serious disorder manifested usually from ___, which results from loss of blood between ___

uterus cancer | periods

Hemophilia is a __ disorder characterized by the non-production of certain ___

genetic | clotting factors

Hemophilia usually skips a generation and is passed from __ to __. It is __-chromosome linked

mother son x

Hemophilia A is nonproduction of CF __

VIII (Antihemophilic factor)

Hemophilia B (aka ___ disease) is the non-production of Cf __

Christmas | IX (Christmas Factor)

Hemoarthritis is a common problem with ___. Blood loss. Trauma leads to blood loss, especially in the __ joint.

Hemophilia | knee

In hemorarthritis, ___ released from the __ group into blood destroys the joint ___ and causes degeneration of the joint. Blood must be removed from the joint to prevent degeneration.

Iron Heme cartilage

Hemodynamic disorders are those that arise from interruptions in blood ___

flow

Thrombosis is platelet activation and aggregation without threat of __ loss or __ damage.

blood | vascular

Thrombus always originates from a __ __ and maintains point of contact through platelet __ and __

vascular wall activation aggregation

How would you describe a thrombus in the arterial system?

Dense and strong, firm and small (fast)

How would you describe a thrombus in the venous system?

Loose and weak, loose and large (slow)