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Pathology 1 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Eicosanoids are metabolites of ___

A

Arachadonic cid

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2
Q

Arachadonic Acid is made from the cell membrane ___ via ___

A

phspholipids

phospholipase

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3
Q

Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme which takes free ____ and produces ____

A

Arachadonic acid

PGG2

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4
Q

Prostaglandins are produced by various ___ cells and are involved in the ___ component of inflammation

A

blood

vascular

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5
Q

3 functions of Prostaglandins (outside of inflammation)

A

Regulate Na+ and H20 in Distal convoluted tubules
Protect GI tract from ulcerations
Regulate Bp

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6
Q

PGD2 function

A

Increase number of mast cells and recruit eosinophils; important for allergic reaction

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7
Q

PGE2 function

A

Regulate fever and increase pain perception (hyperalgesia)

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8
Q

PGF2 function

A

unknown

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9
Q

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is released from ___ cells and causes ___ and ____ platelete aggregation

A

Endothelial
Vasodilation
prevents

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10
Q

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced by ___ and causes ___ and ___ platelete aggregation

A

platelets
vasoconstriction
increases

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11
Q

COX-1 inhibitors inhibit both the __ and __ function of ___; will prevent ___ as well

A

normal
inflammatory
prostaglandins
COX2

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12
Q

COX-2 inhibitor function

A

Blocks cox 2, allows Cox 1 to function normally

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13
Q

Cox 2 acts to __ production of additional ___, above the normal functioning level.

A

Increase

Prostaglandins

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14
Q

What are some examples of Cox 2 inhibitors?

A

Vioxx, celebrex, Meloxicam, weak anti-inflammatory drugs

*Increased side effects, possibly death

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15
Q

5-Lipoxygenase is an enzyme which takes ___ and produces ___

A

Free arachadonic Acid

Leukotrienes

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16
Q

Leukotrienes promote ___ aLipoxins promite nd ___ permeability of blood vessels and cause ___

A

vasoconstriction
increase
bronchospasm

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17
Q

12-Lipoxygenase is an __ which takes ___ ___ ___ and produces ___

A

enzyme
Arachadonic 5-Lipoxygenase
Lipoxins

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18
Q

Lipoxins promote ___ and inhibit ___ ___ (__ component)

A

vasodilation
neutrophil chemotaxis
cellular

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19
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor function

A

Breakdown tumor cells

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20
Q

Interleukin 1&6 have important roles in ___ and are mainly produced by ___

A

inflammation

macrophages

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21
Q

What are some symptoms of the acute phase of Inflammation response?

A
  • Fever
  • Decrease Appetite
  • Increase Sleep
  • Increase acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein)
  • Hemodynamic Affects (shock)
  • Neutrophilia
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22
Q

The tissue injury response starts with the activation of ____.

A

Hageman (Clot) Factor (XII)

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23
Q

WHat are the 4 components of the biocheminal cascade of tissue injury response?

A
  • Cogulation
  • Fibrinolytic- regulates coagulation
  • Complement
  • Kinin- specific for inflammatory response

*1st 3 are not direct inflammatory response

24
Q

Which compliments participate in inflammatory response?

A

C3a
C4a
C5a

25
Q

C3a, C4a, C5a all __ the function of histamine with its role in ___ allergic response (anaphylatoxins)

A

potentiate

anaphylactic

26
Q

What is the flow of the Kinin cascade?

A

Hageman factor –> pre-kallikren –> Kallikren –> Kininogen –> Bradykinin

27
Q

Bradykinin functions to irritate ___, creating the perception of ___.

A

chemoreceptors

pain

28
Q

Infection of the lymph nodes is called ___; this can cause the swelling of the lymph nodes, known as ___

A

Lymphangitis

Lymphangeitis

29
Q

Leukocytosis is defined as leukocyte count greater than ___/cubic mm

A

9000

30
Q

Acute Inflammation lasts __ to __ and usually contains large amounts of ___. @ main cell types involved are __ and __.

A

1 week to 10 days
exudate
Neutrophils
Macrophages

31
Q

Chronic Inflammation lasts longer than __ weeks. __ is not produced, or only during flaring attacks.

A

6

exudate

32
Q

What are the 5 microbes that commonly cause chronic infection and their associated pathologies?

A 
Myobacterium Tuberculosis -TB
Myobacterium Leprae- Leprosy
Treponema Pallidum- Syphilis
Brucella -Brucellosis
Listeria- Listerosis
33
Q

What are some foreign bodies that may cause chronic inflammation?

A

Asbestos- Asbestosis
Silica- Silicosis
Beryllium- Berylliosis
Organic Dust- specific to the agent

34
Q

Silicosis AKA ___. This causes ___, but the cell is unable to digest __ and it remains in the cell. Cell is destroyed and __ are expelled and damage the lungs

A

Pneumoconiosis
phagcytosis
silica
lysosomes

35
Q

As solicosis recurs, it causes chronic tissue damage with no ___, this leaves cells unable to regenerate and __ replaces functional tissue

A

repair

CT

36
Q

What are the 2 types of chronic inflammation?

A

Non-specific

Granulomatous

37
Q

Granulomatous Inflammation is associated with __ resulting from __ and __

A

granulomas
TB
loprosy

38
Q

In granulomatous infection, granulomas are formed by __ around the ___ causing ___.

A

macrophages
mycobacterium
inflammation

39
Q

Giant mulitnucleated cells are formed by ___ __- many cells __ together. This is acharacteristic of granulomatous rxns. AKA ___

A

Interferon Gamma
coalesce
Ghon’s Focus

40
Q

In granuloma formation, the infection is surrounded by __ and __

A

epithelial cells

macrophages

41
Q

In granuloma formation, Giant cells are surrounded by __

A

lymphocytes

42
Q

In granuloma formation, Lymphocytes are surrounded by ___

A

fibroblasts

43
Q

In granuloma formation, fibroblasts are surrounded by ___

A

fibrous ct

44
Q

Neutrophilia is associated with ___

A

bacterial infection

45
Q

Lymphocytosis is associated with ___

A

Viral Infection

46
Q

Monocytosis is associated with

A

Chronic Bacterial Infection

47
Q

Eosinophilia is associated with __ and ___

A

allergy reaction

Parasitic Infection

48
Q

Complication of healing: Contracture: Newly formed __ demonstrates an exaggerated wound ___ response as it heals

A

collagen

contraction

49
Q

Complication of healing: Adhesion: Joining of __ membranes –> restriction of __ in structures

A

serous

movement

50
Q

Complication of healing: Dehiscence: __ __ of a healing wound. Possibly due to __ on a wound.

A

Breaking open

pressure

51
Q

Complication of healing: Keloids: Irregular masses of __ tissue that __ from the surface of the skin, which results form the over-production of __ __ when healing. More common in ___

A

scar
protrude
dermal collagen
African Americans

52
Q

Complication of healing: Suture Complications: Interruption of ___

A

epithelium

53
Q

Complication of healing: Therapy: __ effects

A

Inhibitory

54
Q

Complication of healing: Anticancer drugs suppress ___

A

mitosis

55
Q

Complication of healing: : Anti-inflammatory drugs suppress __ syntheses, ___ contraction and generation of new ___

A

protein
wound
epithelium

56
Q

Complication of healing: Corticosteroids interfere with ___ migration to injured site and __ suppression

A

fibroblast

immune system

Pathology 1 (9 decks)

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