week 9 Flashcards
What is social power?
the ability to
influence the behaviour of others
and to resist their influence on us
Sources of power: one need not necessarily possess these resources; one need only to
control access to them
sources of power: one power varies with the other persons (2 things)
desire and need for the resource
Ones power is reduced if the desired resources are
readily available elsewhere
The principle of lesser interest asserts
that the partner who is less
dependent on the relationship, who
desires it less, has more power in
that relationship
Two different broad types of power:
Fate control and behaviour control
Fate control
allows one to control a partner’s outcomes no
matter what the partner does.
behaviour control
allows one to encourage, but not compel,
desired behaviour from a partner.
What type of power may traditional norms say men have more than women
expert and legitimate power
What type of power may traditional norms say women have more than men
referent power
What is legitimate and expert power
Expert power- resource expertise- have the broad understanding they desire
legitimate power- resource authority- others respond to their authority
What is referent power?
referent power- resource: respect and love- others identify and want to remain close with you
The process of power refers to
The way power is expressed
Language/conversation: Men and women behave similarly when they are talking to others of the
same sex
in interactions with the other sex, which sex interrupts the other more
men interrupt women more
What is the relationship between interruptions by ones partner and perception of the partner power
When one partnerintrupts more, they have more power
The process of power: Non-verbal behaviour- powerful people do what
take up more space than
less powerful people do
What is nonverbal sensitivity? Powerful people decode others nonverbal communication (more/less accurately) than less powerful people and this results in
Powerful
people decode others’ nonverbal
communications less accurately
than less powerful people do and
tend to be relatively insensitive to
others’ feelings.
Styles of power may be indirect, direct, and implicit. They are also bilateral or unilateral. What does bilateral or unilateral refer to
Bilateral: involving both members of a couple in
negotiation and bargaining
Unilateral: with individuals doing
what they want without involving their partners.
committed happy partners often use their power to
benefit their relationship
The dark side to power: some people actively seek to enact power in their relationships, and they tend to be
controlling, domineering
people who have unhappy
partners.
Violence in relationships: violence involves acts carried out with the intention of
controlling, domineering
people who have unhappy
partners.
Violent actions range from those that do
little harm, such as
grabbing or pushing, to others that inflict atrocious injury.
What is psychological violence?
e encompasses forms of abuse that target a
person’s emotional, mental, or financial well-being, or impede their
personal freedom or sense of safety.
What is physical violence?
includes forms of abuse that involve physical
assault or the threat of physical assault.
Sexual violence?
includes sexual assault or threats of sexual assault
and was measured using two items: 1) being made to perform sex
acts that the victim did not want to perform, and 2) forcing or
attempting to force the victim to have sex
intimate partner violence statistics from Canada
Women are more likely to experience fear, anxiety, and feelings of being
controlled or trapped by their partner.
IPV is more prevalent among women
More than 44% of women and 36% of men have experienced some form of IPV
Consequences of IPV: top three
The incident had an emotional impact (most common, more women felt this)
spoke with someone (second common, women)
injury (third, women)
Why does IPV go under reported? (3 reasons)
embarrassment, fear of reprisal, reluctance or inability to recall trauma
Type of couple violence: situational couple violence
erupts from specific angry arguments
that get out of hand.
Couple violence: intimate terrorism
occurs when one partner uses violence as a
tool to control and oppress the other.
couple violence: violent resistence
occurs when a partner forcibly fights back
against intimate terrorism.
Gender difference in IPV, women act violently toward their husbands just as
often as men
gender differences: men are more likely to use violence as a
tool in an ongoing pattern of domination nd influence
I-cube model suggests 3 influences on IPV
Instigating triggers that cause partners to be on edge.
- Impelling influences that make it more likely that the partners will
experience violent impulses. - Inhibiting influences that encourage the partners to refrain from violence.
Correlates of violence: 4
distal, dispositional, relational, situational
distal
involving background influences such as economic conditions,
cultural norms, and family experiences
Dispositional
, including personality traits and long-standing beliefs
relational
, involving the current state of the couple’s relationship
situational
Including the current circumstances.
Reasons for staying in IPV: Fear
what will happen when they leave?
reasons to stay: Pressure
Cultural and religious.
* Guilt about the failure of the relationship.
* Feelings of personal incompetence.
Reasons to stay: beliefs:
- That the violence is temporary
- That one’s partner will change
- That they can stop the violence
Sociocultural perspective of IPV
aggressive
behaviour may be prompted or
inhibited by various social and
cultural institutions.
interpersonal perspective
emphasizes factors
such as the private and passionate nature of intimate
relationships, the high degree of interdependency between
partners, the inevitable presence of disagreements and partners’
differing perceptions, and variations in the behaviour and
cognitive capacities that partners express in their interactions
Intra-individual perspective
An approach to explaining violent
behaviour between intimate partners that focuses on the
enduring qualities and personal histories of each partner.
