week 4

Question 1

Communication: what is interpersonal gap

Answer 1

a sender’s
intentions – what they wanted to
communicate - differs from the
messages that others receive
(impact).

Question 2

What is nonverbal communication

Answer 2

involves all the things people do in an
interaction except for what they say.

Question 3

non verbal communication does refer to

Answer 3

their actions and the sound of their voices, or how they say
things is nonverbal communication.

Question 4

3 functions of nonverbal communication:

Answer 4

1. Providing Information.
2. Regulating Interaction.
3. Defining the Nature of the Relationship.

Question 5

what a example of nonverbal communication

Answer 5

facial expression

Question 6

people sometimes try to control facial expressions by what 4 things

Answer 6

1. Intensifying or exaggerating them
2. Minimizing or lessening them
3. Neutralizing or withholding them
4. Masking or replacing them with other emotions

Question 7

real smiles are called

Answer 7

Duchenne smile

Question 8

the eyes and gazing behaviour

Answer 8

The direction and amount of a
person’s eye contact is also
influential.
* Looking at someone can
communicate interest and
affection.

Question 9

eye contact can also coney

Answer 9

dominance and status

Question 10

what is the visual dominace ratio?

Answer 10

equals “look-speak” divided by “look-listen.”

Question 11

Body movement: gestures can replace blank blank, but they vary widely from culture to culture

Answer 11

Gestures can replace spoken words but they vary widely from culture to culture

Question 12

the language of the face needs no

Answer 12

o interpreter, but that’s not true
of the language of gestures.

Question 13

body postures can also signal what

Answer 13

status or position

Question 14

high status peoples body gestures

Answer 14

High status people adopt
open, asymmetrical
postures that take up a lot
of space.

Question 15

Touch different types of touch have

Answer 15

distinctly different meanings

Question 16

touch can often convey what two things

Answer 16

closeness and affection

Question 17

what are the four zones of interpersonal distance?

Answer 17

Intimate 0-18, personal 1.5-4, social 4-12 and public 12 and up

Question 18

Nonverbal communication involves paralanguage: what is paralanguage?

Answer 18

the way in which you say words

Question 19

paralanguage refers to

Answer 19

rhythm, pitch, volume and rate

Question 20

Combining the components: when there is a discrepency between peoples words and actions their true meaning ussually lies in their

Answer 20

r true meaning usually lies in their nonverbal, not
their verbal communication.

Question 21

nonverbal deficits may occur because

Answer 21

people lack the
necessary skills or because they’re not trying very hard to do
well.

Question 22

nonverbal insensitivity is likely due to

Answer 22

inattention and lack of effort

Question 23

verbal communication: Verbal disclosure is a hallmark of intamacy

Answer 23

The process of revealing personal
information about oneself to
someone else

Question 24

How self disclosure develops: social penetration theory

Answer 24

holds that as relationships develop,
partners become more intimate by increasing two aspects of
their verbal communication:

Question 25

What are the two aspects increasing in social penetration theory

Answer 25

Breadth: the variety of topics they discuss

depth: the personal significance of the topics they discuss

Question 26

which factor increases faster than the other at the begining of the relationship

Answer 26

Breadth increases faster than depth

Question 27

resposiveness sustains

Answer 27

intimacy and depth

Question 28

The interpersonal process model of inta macy: states 3 things

Answer 28

1) They must engage in meaningful, honest and authentic self-disclosure.
2) They must respond to each other’s personal information with
interest and empathy.
3) They each must recognize that the other is being responsive.

Question 29

self disclosure reciprocity

Answer 29

People tend to match the other’s
self-disclosure in terms of its
intimacy and valence.

Question 30

self disclosure and relationship satisfaction trends

Answer 30

We reveal more personal information to those we like.
* We also tend to like others more because we have opened
up to them.

Question 31

what is dysfunctional communication?

Answer 31

Unhappy partners often have
difficulty saying what they mean,
hearing each other, and staying
polite and calm when
disagreements arise.

Question 32

Social exchange theory states

Answer 32

Successful relationships entail the
mutual exchange of desirable
rewards with others.
* This process is called social
exchange.

Question 33

social exchange theories include rewards and costs. what are these two things in this theories context?

Answer 33

rewards are results of an interaction that are gratifying, welcome and fulfilling

costs: consequences that are frustrating, distressing and undesireable

Question 34

the outcome of an interaction formula

Answer 34

outcomes=rewards-costs

Question 35

Social exchange theory suggests that we evaluate the
outcomes we receive with two criteria:

Answer 35

1. What we expect from our relationships.
2. How well we think we can do without our partners.

Question 36

What do we expect from our relationships: comparison level

Answer 36

describes
what we expect and feel we deserve in our relationships with others

Question 37

when our outcomes exceed our comparison levels were…

when it dosent were

Answer 37

happy and content

upset and sitressed

Question 38

your comparison level is the standard by which your satisfaction with a relationship is assessed: what is the formula

Answer 38

outcomes - cl= satisfaction or dissatisfaction

Question 39

What is a comparison level for alternatives

Answer 39

describes the
outcomes we think we can get elsewhere.

Question 40

so our cl alt s are the

Answer 40

lowest levels of outcomes we will accept from our current partners

Question 41

our blank in a relationship, the things we would lose if it ends, make it harder to leave and reduce our CLaltS

Answer 41

our investiments

Question 42

what is the first of four types of relationships in social exchange theory?

Answer 42

outcomes exceed both cl and clalts- happy and stable relationships

Question 43

second type of relationship

Answer 43

when utcomes exceed clalt but fall below cl-unhappy but stable relationship

Question 44

third type of relationship

Answer 44

when outcomes exceed cl but fall below clalt- happy but unstable relationship

Question 45

4th type

Answer 45

cl and clalts fall below- unhappy and unstable

Question 46

rewards need to outnumber costs by at least what if were to stay satisfied in a intimate relationship

Answer 46

5-to-1

Question 47

we want two things in close relationships

Answer 47

gain positive outcomes (approach motivation)

avoid negative outcomes (avoidance motivation)

Question 48

the self expression model holds that we like partnerships that expand the

Answer 48

range of our interests, skills and experiences

Question 49

After a rapid rise in satisfaction at
the very beginning of their
relationships, many couples
encounter

Answer 49

r a lull as they adjust to
their increasing interdependence

Question 50

on average marital satisfaction does what over the years

Answer 50

declines

Question 51

why do they decline?

Answer 51

lack of effort, interdependency, acess to weaponry, unrealistic expectations.