week 3 Flashcards
The basic assumption of attraction
We are attracted to others who reward us or with whom we
associate rewards!
What are two types of rewards?
direct rewards(gift giving) and indirect rewards (joy from just spending time together)
Basic assumption of attraction 2:
We’re attracted to others who can help us get what we
currently want.
What are the 4 influences on attraction
- Proximity
- Physical Attractiveness
- Reciprocity
- Similarity
Proximity refers to
liking those near us
small distances have a larger influence on our relationship than most people realize
What was a study that proved proximity is important to in attraction
270 people living in buildings like this were asked to list their 3 closest companions
amoung those living on the same floor of a given building, how often did they name residents named someone living:
1 door away was the highest
Covience and proximity: proximity is blank and blank is costly
Proximity is rewarding, and distance is costly.
Whats a benefit of proximity
Partners who are close at hand are usually able to provide more
benefits at lesser expense than distant partners can.
familiarity: mere exposure to or to repeated contact with someone ussually
increases our liking for them
familiarity does not breed
contempt
A study focused on how much a female was liked depending on the amount of time she went into a classroom without saying anything
The more often she visited the better people rated liking her
physical attractiveness: we tend to automatically assume that attractive peple also have
desireable traits
Both male and female research participants judged that physically
attractive people were more likely than unattractive people to be:
kind, sensitive, sexually warm, strong, outgoing
Attractice faces in both sexes have two factors
average and symmetrical
what is average and what is symmetrical
average: possessing dimensions that neither too large or small
A womens body is considered most attractive if her waist to hip ratio is
.7, giving her an hourglass figure
Support for an evolutionary perspective on physical attractiveness
Standards of who is and who is not attractive are the same
around the world.
Babies have preferences for adults with attractive features like adults prefer
What is matching in physical attractiveness
People tend to pair off with others of similar levels of
physical attractiveness
the more serious and commited a relationship becomes the more obvious
matching usually is
What is reciprocity
LIKING THOSE WHO LIKE US
Most of us pursue partners who are likely to return our interest.
reciprocity formula
Desirability = Physical Attractiveness x Probability of Acceptance
What is balence theory consider reciprocity
Balance theory suggests that we prefer consistency and symmetry
in our relationships…
So, we like those who like us, and dislike those who dislike us.
Similarity in picking a partner refers to
LIKING THOSE WHO ARE LIKE US
Birds of a feather do flock together.
we tend to like those who share our (3):
- Demographic profile
- Attitudes, values, and beliefs
- Personality
The greater the proportion of attitudes people share, the more they
like each other
Do opposites attract?
Opposite may attract occasionally: complementarily
Opposites may attract occasionally: the blend of similarities and differences that form an optimal mix may vary from
couple to couple
but most complementary behaviour is
similar behaviour, with partners desiring the same goals and working together to attain them
social cognition refers to
all the processes of
perception, interpretation, belief,
and memory with which we
evaluate and understand ourselves
and other people.
Idealizing our partners: we often judge our partners with positive illusions.
positive illusions that portray
them in the best possible light, emphasizing their positive
qualities and minimizing their faults.
What is self-serving biases
s lead people to see themselves as
responsible for the good things that happen to them, but
relatively blameless when things go wrong
Relationship bellifs. What are two bellefs
destiny bellefs and growth bellefs
what is destiny bellef
Assume that two people are either well-suited for each other and destined to live happily ever after or they’re not
what is a growth bellefs
assume that good relationships develop gradually as a result of hard work
First impressions are formed very rapidly, and they have
enormous…
staying power
first impressions influence our judgements of others for a long time because of what effect
primacy effect
primacy effect is
The first information we obtain about others carries special
weight, influencing our interpretations of the later information we
encounter.
knowledge of a young girl’s social class dramatically affected peoples judgements of her blank on an blank test
performance on an achievement test
A confirmation bias is typical
The tendency to selectively
Search for, and only consider
information that confirms our
beliefs.
first impression matter for two reasons
- Direct our attention to certain types of new information.
- Influence our interpretations of the new facts we get later.
impression management is
trying to
influence the impressions of us
that others form.
impression management ussually involves showing others- perhaps in a selective fashion-
who we really are
4 strategies of impression management
ingratiation, self-promotion, supplication, 4 intimidation
what is ingration?
doing favours, paying compliments, and
being charming to get others to like us.
what is self-promotion
: recounting accomplishments or displaying
skills to elicit respect from others
what is suppllcation
appearing inept or unwell to elicit help and
nurturance from others.
intimidation
appearing threatening or dangerous to elicit
fear and compliance from others.
Impression management in close relationships: high self-monitors pay close attention to social norms and
adeptly adjust their behaviour to fit
low self monitors are
They are less flexible, and they make more similar impressions on others from one person to another
