Week 9

Question 1

Adams theory

Answer 1

-reference of correctness
-memory trace
-perceptual trace

Question 2

Reference of correctness

Answer 2

-used to calculate based on sensory feedback

Question 3

Memory trace

Answer 3

-the recall of the motor program

Question 4

Perceptual trace

Answer 4

-generated by the memory trace one action is initiated and used for feedback evaluation
-reference or memory about prior motor experiences

Question 5

2 stages of motor learning

Answer 5

-verbal-motor stage
-motor stage

Question 6

Verbal-motor stage

Answer 6

-the stage of learning where one uses the perceptual trace in combination with KR for error detection and correction

Question 7

Forgetting

Answer 7

-a weakening of the perceptual and memory trace

Question 8

What is the optimal summary length

Answer 8

-may be task and experience specific

Question 9

Is summary or immediate KR most beneficial

Answer 9

-summary
-some studies found that it did not affect learning

Question 10

Discrete feedback

Answer 10

-feedback at movement endpoint

Question 11

Concurrent feedback

Answer 11

-feedback during the movement

Question 12

Post-KR delay interval

Answer 12

-the time between the presentation of KR and the next movement

Question 13

Interference

Answer 13

-impairs the evaluation of the movement
-reduces the capacity of memory to evaluate inherent feedback and detect errors

Question 14

Subjective estimation

Answer 14

-asking someone to evaluate their own errors during KR delay interval

Question 15

What does subjective estimation do?

Answer 15

-can help participants learn to use inherent feedback with KR
-may prevent guidance effects

Question 16

Best forms of feedback

Answer 16

-self controlled feedback with best practices fro KR literature

Question 17

Adams closed theory criticisms

Answer 17

-does not account for how variable practice can strengthen perceptual trace
-ignore guidance hypothesis aspects of KR

Question 18

Schema theory of motor learning

Answer 18

-recall memory
-recognition memory

Question 19

Recall memory

Answer 19

-memory trace
-movement production
-more of a role in open loop and rapid movements

Question 20

Recognition memory

Answer 20

-perceptual trace
-movement evaluation
-greater involvement in closed loop control

Question 21

Recall schema

Answer 21

-each movement produces an outcome which is evaluated with respect to the parameters
-these relationships are stored in long term memory

Question 22

Recognition schema

Answer 22

-contains the relationship between the initial conditions, the environmental outcomes and the sensory concequences
-used after the recall schema to generate the expected sensory concequences

Question 23

Schema theory and learning

Answer 23

-learning occurs by strengthening the schemas

Question 24

If sensory consequences are missing, what happens to recognition schema

Answer 24

-unable to perform real time evaluation of the action
-unable to correct the action

Question 25

Limitations of the schema theory

Answer 25

-KR frequency
-contextual interference