Week 4 Flashcards
5 main senses
-vision
-touch
-smell
-taste
-hearing
Other important senses
-equilibrioception (balance)
-proprioception (body position)
-thermoception (sense of temperature)
-nociception (pain sense)
Closed loop system
-system receives instructions
-effector enacts instructions
-sensors in environment produce feedback
Example of closed loop system
-thermostat
Rods function
-motion
-detection
Cones function
-fine detail
-colour
Visual streams
-dorsal stream
-ventral stream
Dorsal stream
-vision for action stream
-visual information travels to the parietal areas
Ventral stream
-vision for perception stream
-visual information travels to the temporal lobe
Visual agnosia
-stroke that affects ventral stream
Optic ataxia
-stroke affecting dorsal stream
Optic flow
-when we move our head, the angle the light rays hit the retina changes
Rate of change
-rate of change of the size of an object is coming toward you or away from you
Time to contact
-directly proportional to the size of the image, and the rate of change of the image
Vestibular system components
-otolith organs
-semicircular canals
Vestibular-ocular reflexes
-when we move our heads, our eyes stay stable due to this
Nystagmus
-alternating slow and fast movements
Muscle spindles
-provides information about muscle stretch
Golgi tendon organs
-highly sensitive to active muscle tension
Joint receptors
-are embedded in the joint capsule
Open loop control
-response unfolds without feedback
Open loop control example
-stop lights
-slow cooker
Feedforward control
-feedforward control involves a signal that readies the system for motor output and some input
Reafference
-when eye moves you shut down visual perception
-copy of motor command that was sent to muscles is delivered to sensory regions in the brain
Efference copy
-allows for the prediction of the action outcome and the sensory concequences of the action
Efference copy example
-if you know that you are going to produce an effect, you can also predict how the feedback will feel
Forward models
-used to establish predictions about the desired state
Forward models example
-why we cannot tickle ourselves
Generalized motor program
-motor programs must be generalized
-motor program must resemble a function where only some factors change
Parameters (inputs) into the GMP
-overall duration of the movement
-overall force
-effector (limb) used
