Week 10 Flashcards
Movement disorders
-conditions characterized by impaired voluntary movements, the presence if involuntary movements, or both
Diagnostic tests
-reaches to body positions
-dual task paradigms
-walking in a straight line
Causes of motor dysfunction
-degenerative diseases
-inflammation that affects nervous system tissue
-vascular disorders that affect nervous tissue
-trauma
Stroke types
-ichemia
-hemmorrhage
Ischemia
-blood flow is blocked from a certain part of the body
Hemorrhage
-busted blood vessel
Motor learning in stroke patients
-individuals with stroke can learn new motor skills with paretic (affected) arm
-can occur right after injury
-may be task specific
Muscular dystrophies
-progressive, chronic weakness
-necrosis
-connective tissue infiltration
Motor learning in muscular dystrophy patients
-research suggests that the ability to learn motor tasks is not impaired
Multiple sclerosis
-chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS
-can affect sensation, vision, postural control etc
Motor learning in multiple sclerosis patients
-some evidence of performance improvements in training
-at a slower rate than control patients
-and with greater variability among patients
Motor learning in cerebellar patients
-studies showed that cerebellum may play more of a role in movement execution than learning processes
Parabolic flights
-flight where plane goes up really high and then dips down fast to cause microgravity environment
Downsides of parabolic flights
-cannot get the same amount of microgravity time for each trial, may want to record a shorter amount of seconds that can always be reached
When head direction is sensed, which way do the eyes begin to rotate
-the opposite direction
What happens when the limit of the eye movement is reached
-the eyes make a rapid adjustment to bring gaze to the new location
Nystagmus
-eye movements that occur to adjust to prolonged fixation
-if head keeps moving, nystagmus stops
-when head rotation stops abruptly, endolymph continues to move which causes perception of motion (dizziness)
What does the otolith organs sense
-linear accelerations
What do the semicircular canals sense
-angular motion
Velocity decay
-the measure of reduction in eye movement velocity in the slow phase after initial response
Velocity storage
-affected by microgravity
What happens to proprioception in microgravity
-decreased activity
How to reduce errors in proprioceptive body positioning in microgravity
-add a load/resistance to balance the lack of gravitational load
Double step or target jump paradigm
-participant performs reaches to a target location and on some percentage of the trials the target “jumps” or “steps”
What is the double step paradigm used for
-assessing movement control processes
-not movement planning processes
Results of double step test
-central nervous system can flexibly adapt control processes to gravitational constraints and achieve same movement outcomes
How does the nervous system adapt to microgravity
-in environments where some sensory information is compromised, we rely on other sources of information more
Electorencephalography (EEG)
-can be used to measure the brain response to sensory stimulation
Evoked response
-when showing a stimulus to elicit a reaction
Stepping test in microgravity
-our brains are not as sensitive to stepping and standing conditions motor outputs therefore there was no change when vibration was used
