Week 8 Flashcards
Functional connectivity high correlation
-greater connectivity
Functional connectivity low correlation
-lower connectivity
Blocked practice
-practicing the same tasks repeatedly in a predictable manner
-AAA BBB CCC
-think about using different golf clubs
Random practice
-practicing multiple tasks in an unpredictable manner
-CAB BCA ACB
-think about using different golf clubs
Is blocked or random practice better
-random
Research on blocked vs random practice
-individuals who practice in a random order do better in retention and transfer tests
-blocked practice was better for aquisition
Contextual interference
-interference that is generated due to the context associated with skilled practice
-the more random the tasks are, you generate a higher contextual interference
What may influence contextual interference
-age
-expertise
Elaborative processing hypothesis
-random practice promotes more comparative and contrastive analyses of actions
-representations of actions are more memorable
Forgetting and reconstruction hypothesis
-processes associated with reconstruction of the motor program are trained to a greater extent with high contextual interference
-reconstructing motor program involves drawing it from long term memory again
Spacing effect
-spacing out memorization and repitition increases correct recall
How does giving the learning hints effect learning
-detrimental to learning
Oscillation patterns
-change when involved in focused tasks
Random practice in older adults
-led to larger decreases in default mode network activation
Serial practice
-combines the predictableness of blocked practice with non-repetitiveness of random practice
-ABC ABC ABC
Inherent feedback
-sensory feedback that we receive about our action outcomes
Augmented feedback
-feedback is provided that supplements inherent feedback
Concurrent feedback
-presented during the movement
Terminal feedback
-presented at end of movement
Immediate feedback
-presented immediately
Delayed feedback
-presented at some time after movement
Accumulated feedback
-feedback that represents a group of performances aggregated
Distinct feedback
-feedback that represents each performance seperately
Knowledge of results
-feedback about the outcome of the movement with respect to the goal
Knowledge of performance
-feedback about the movement pattern
Augumented feedback hypothesis
-hard to know what type of feedback
-test retention and transfer
-may affect both performance and learning
Video feedback
-only helpful if accompanied by error correcting cues
Kinematic feedback
-can inform learners about aspects of the movement that are difficult to perceive
Kinetic feedback
-feedback about the forces that generate motion
-most natural form of feedback
Tighter bandwidth
-more precise feedback
Larger bandwidth
-less precise feedback
Which bandwidth is better
-larger bandwidth
What does providing too much feedback do
-does not allow the learner to develop a reference of correctness
Which type of KR is most beneficial for learning
-reduced relative frequency of KR
Trial delay feedback
-delaying KR about a given trial by a number of trials
Summary KR feedback
-providing aggregate data about a group of trials
