Week 9

Question 1

compulsive sexual thoughts and acts

Answer 1

sexual addiction

Question 2

any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours

Answer 2

circadian rhythm

Question 3

less than 24 hour sleep-wake cycle

Answer 3

ultradian rhythm

Question 4

greater than 24 hour sleep-wake cycle

Answer 4

Infradian rhythm

Question 5

yearly sleep-wake cycle (seasonal rhythm) (migration)

Answer 5

circannual rhythm

Question 6

independent of external cues, entrainable

Answer 6

characteristics of a circadian rhythm

Question 7

located in the hypothalamus, controls circadian rhythms. Activated only during the day and helps animals distinguish between day and night by inhibiting melatonin production by the pineal gland

Answer 7

suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)

Question 8

AKA the “sleep hormone.” It peaks in the middle of the night for humans.

Answer 8

melatonin

Question 9

a test that contains and EEG, EOG, and EMG. It is a combination of signals that helps to tell what phase of sleep a person is in.

Answer 9

polysomnography

Question 10

stage 1 nREM, stage 2 nREM, stage 3 nREM, REM

Answer 10

phases of sleep

Question 11

a sleep stage that is similar to an awake EEG, heart rate and muscle tension decrease, contains both beta and alpha rhythms

Answer 11

stage 1 nREM

Question 12

a sleep stage in which sleep spindles occur, contains K-complexes which reflects the brain’s attempts to monitor the external environment while maintaining sleep

Answer 12

stage 2 nREM

Question 13

a sleep stage in which sleep spindles occur, contains K-complexes which reflects the brain’s attempts to monitor the external environment while maintaining sleep

Answer 13

stage 2 nREM

Question 14

two stages of sleep that contain delta waves which have a large amplitude and are very slow waves

Answer 14

stage 3 & 4 nREM

Question 15

the sleep stage in which dreams occur, characterized by rapid eye movement. This sleep stage has an active EEG like an awake person but the muscles are relaxed.

Answer 15

REM

Question 16

sleep deprivation affects the immune system

Answer 16

restoration function of sleep

Question 17

the activity occurring during neonatal REM sleep is particularly important to the developing organism

Answer 17

ontogeny function of sleep

Question 18

memory is better after sleep and sleep deprivation can impair memory

Answer 18

memory function of sleep

Question 19

sleep protects animals during the portion of the 24 hour day in which being awake would place the animals at the greatest risk

Answer 19

preservation function of sleep

Question 20

abnormality in the amount, quality or timing of sleep. Include disorders such as insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea

Answer 20

dyssomnias

Question 21

abnormal behavior or physiology during sleep. Disorders include nightmares, night terrors, sleep walking and restless leg syndrome.

Answer 21

parasomnias

Question 22

inability to fall asleep or stay asleep as long as desired

Answer 22

insomnia

Question 23

chronic neurological disorder caused by the brain’s inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally

Answer 23

narcolepsy

Question 24

Condition in which the muscle paralysis normally associated with REM sleep occurs when the person is fully awake

Answer 24

cataplexy

Question 25

pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during sleep.

Answer 25

sleep apnea

Question 26

Sleepwalkers arise from the slow wave sleep (nREM) stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness.

Answer 26

somnambulism