Week 10

Question 1

The act of acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.

Answer 1

learning

Question 2

involuntary response to a stimuli

Answer 2

reflex

Question 3

automatic complex behavior

Answer 3

instinct

Question 4

any kind of phase-sensitive learning that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.

Answer 4

imprinting

Question 5

one’s personal repetition of an observed behavior.

Answer 5

observational learning (imitation)

Question 6

learning involving exposure usually to a single event, and that is presumed not to reflect learning of a relationship between multiple events

Answer 6

non-associative learning

Question 7

A decline in responsiveness to repeated stimulation arising from a central change in the organism.

Answer 7

habituation

Question 8

stimulating the siphon produces a withdrawal of the gill and siphon

Answer 8

gill-withdrawal reflex

Question 9

Exposure to a new stimulus often disrupts, removes habituation to a prior stimulus.

Answer 9

dishabituation

Question 10

The increase in responsiveness to a stimulus that has not undergone habituation training thought to arise from a general arousal process.

Answer 10

sensitization

Question 11

Process by which an association between two stimuli or a behavior and a stimulus is learned.

Answer 11

associative learning

Question 12

Pavlov, links a neutral signal to a reflex, focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors

Answer 12

classical conditioning

Question 13

skinner, applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior, focuses on strengthening or weakening voluntary behavior

Answer 13

operant condition

Question 14

a stimulus that has inherent meaning to the participant

Answer 14

unconditioned stimulus

Question 15

a response that happens due to the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 15

unconditioned response

Question 16

a stimulus that acquires meaning

Answer 16

conditioned stimulus

Question 17

a response that happens due to the conditioned stimulus

Answer 17

conditioned response

Question 18

the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

Answer 18

memory

Question 19

receiving, processing and combining of received information

Answer 19

encoding

Question 20

creation of a permanent record of the encoded information

Answer 20

storage

Question 21

calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity

Answer 21

retrieval, recall or recollection

Question 22

holds sensory information for a few seconds or less after an item is perceived.

Answer 22

sensory memory

Question 23

allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute. Its capacity is very limited (7±2 items).

Answer 23

short term (working) memory

Question 24

can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration.

Answer 24

long-term memory

Question 25

long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously

Answer 25

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 26

the hippocampus is tightly connected to the thalamus. Disruptionto these connections result in amnesia.

Answer 26

diencephalon

Question 27

plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. Previously formed memories are thought to be stored here.

Answer 27

cerebral cortex

Question 28

a memory disorder that is characterized by a deficiency in thiamine or damage in the dorsomedial thalamus. Causes anterograde amnesia and is often observed in alcoholic people

Answer 28

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 29

a memory disorder characterized by massive brain tissue loss, particularly in the hippocampus. Major findings in postmortem brains include beta-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. These are aggregates of abnormal proteins in the brain which may contribute to cell death

Answer 29

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 30

an event that can cause memory loss. characterized by a coup injury and a countercoup injury on the opposite side of the brain

Answer 30

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Question 31

a disorder that can occur due to repeated train trauma and leads to massive degeneration of the brain accompanied by cognitive and emotional dysfunction

Answer 31

chronic traumatic encephalopathy