Week 10 Flashcards
The act of acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.
learning
involuntary response to a stimuli
reflex
automatic complex behavior
instinct
any kind of phase-sensitive learning that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.
imprinting
one’s personal repetition of an observed behavior.
observational learning (imitation)
learning involving exposure usually to a single event, and that is presumed not to reflect learning of a relationship between multiple events
non-associative learning
A decline in responsiveness to repeated stimulation arising from a central change in the organism.
habituation
stimulating the siphon produces a withdrawal of the gill and siphon
gill-withdrawal reflex
Exposure to a new stimulus often disrupts, removes habituation to a prior stimulus.
dishabituation
The increase in responsiveness to a stimulus that has not undergone habituation training thought to arise from a general arousal process.
sensitization
Process by which an association between two stimuli or a behavior and a stimulus is learned.
associative learning
Pavlov, links a neutral signal to a reflex, focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors
classical conditioning
skinner, applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior, focuses on strengthening or weakening voluntary behavior
operant condition
a stimulus that has inherent meaning to the participant
unconditioned stimulus
a response that happens due to the unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
a stimulus that acquires meaning
conditioned stimulus
a response that happens due to the conditioned stimulus
conditioned response
the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
memory
receiving, processing and combining of received information
encoding
creation of a permanent record of the encoded information
storage
calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity
retrieval, recall or recollection
holds sensory information for a few seconds or less after an item is perceived.
sensory memory
allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute. Its capacity is very limited (7±2 items).
short term (working) memory
can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration.
long-term memory
long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously
long-term potentiation (LTP)
the hippocampus is tightly connected to the thalamus. Disruptionto these connections result in amnesia.
diencephalon
plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. Previously formed memories are thought to be stored here.
cerebral cortex
a memory disorder that is characterized by a deficiency in thiamine or damage in the dorsomedial thalamus. Causes anterograde amnesia and is often observed in alcoholic people
Korsakoff’s syndrome
a memory disorder characterized by massive brain tissue loss, particularly in the hippocampus. Major findings in postmortem brains include beta-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. These are aggregates of abnormal proteins in the brain which may contribute to cell death
Alzheimer’s disease
an event that can cause memory loss. characterized by a coup injury and a countercoup injury on the opposite side of the brain
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
a disorder that can occur due to repeated train trauma and leads to massive degeneration of the brain accompanied by cognitive and emotional dysfunction
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
