Week 13

Question 1

uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain correlated with changes in consciousness

Answer 1

seizure

Question 2

repetitive unprovoked seizures

Answer 2

epilepsy

Question 3

flashing lights of specific intensity and frequency (3-30 Hz) often found on TV or in videogames causing repetative and uncontrolled seizures

Answer 3

photosensitive epilepsy

Question 4

focal onset seizure, originates in an identifiable part of the brain

Answer 4

partial seizure

Question 5

a type of seizure where the person remains conscious

Answer 5

simple partial seizure

Question 6

a type of seizure where the person loses consciousness

Answer 6

complex partial seizure

Question 7

tonic-clonic seizure with unconsciousness, no clear point of origin

Answer 7

generalized seizure

Question 8

inflammation of the brain after viral infection

Answer 8

encephalitis

Question 9

inflammation of membranes that cover and protect the brain and nervous system (meninges). produces flu-like symptoms, defined by neck stiffness, aversion to bright lights, and drowsiness.

Answer 9

meningitis

Question 10

a type of encephalitis that occurs when a virus directly invades the CNS

Answer 10

primary encephalitis

Question 11

a type of encephalitis that occurs following a viral infection of other parts of the body- e.g., herpes simplex virus

Answer 11

secondary encephalitis

Question 12

set of symptoms and infections derived from the human immunodeficiency virus. Invades macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes as well as endothelial cells that line the blood vessels. Infected cells release cytokines, which induce apoptosis in neighboring neurons.

Answer 12

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 13

a group of progressive conditions (encephalopathies) that affect the CNS of many animals, including humans

Answer 13

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

Question 14

a disease that produces psychological disturbances, including paranoia, anxiety and depression, and a progressive loss of cognitive and motor function, and finally death.

Answer 14

mad-cow disease/ bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Question 15

a pattern of behavior or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and/or create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms

Answer 15

psychological disorder

Question 16

Aka “split mind.” disturbances in reason, emotion, perception, and social relationships. Also characterized by a loss of contact with reality and an inability to function in daily life.

Answer 16

Schizophrenia

Question 17

Drugs that increase dopamine produce positive symptoms even in people without the disorder. Drugs that reduce dopamine (typical neuroleptics) reduce positive symptoms.

Answer 17

The Dopamine Hypothesis

Question 18

PCP and ketamine (NMDAR antagonists) produce symptoms similar to schizophrenia. Therefore, schizophrenia may be related to the reduced activity of glutamatergic receptors.

Answer 18

The Glutamate Hypothesis

Question 19

Moods are altered in a way that affects daily life. More profound that “feeling blue” or “feeling hyper.” Long-lasting, consistent, and interferes with daily life.

Answer 19

mood disorders

Question 20

Known as the “common cold” of mental disorders and affects 1 in 5 Americans at some point in their lives. Characterized by loss of pleasure in normally enjoyable activities, sleep disturbances, eating alteration, lack of energy or restlessness, difficulty concentrating, etc.

Answer 20

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Question 21

women who were in their 3rd trimester during this famine had children that were later hospitalized for schizophrenia and major mood disorders

Answer 21

Dutch Hunger Winter

Question 22

Includes serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

Answer 22

monoamines

Question 23

Depression is associated with reduced activity in monoaminergic systems. Antidepressant drugs all increase monoamine activity

Answer 23

Monoamine theory

Question 24

Includes monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and SSRIs

Answer 24

Medicinal treatments for depression

Question 25

a treatment that is usually reserved for patients who do not respond to medication and involves applying 70 to 130 volts of electricity to the head of an anesthetized patient, to produce seizures and convulsions.

Answer 25

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)