Week 9

Question 1

What are the three joints in the elbow and what type of joint r they

Answer 1

• Radioulnar: Pivot Joint
  
  • Humeroulnar: Hinge-joint
  • Humeroradial: Hinge-joint

Question 2

What ligament keeps the elbow in place

Answer 2

Annular ligament

Question 3

Define Valgius and varius

Answer 3

Valgius - Elbow joint twisting inwards

Varius - elbow joint twisting outwards

Question 4

What are the two ligament complexes and what do they prevent

Answer 4

• Medial collateral ligament complex, most important from 30 - 110 degrees elbow flexion. Prevents Valgius (elbow joint twisting inwards)
  
  • Lateral collateral ligament complex, prevents varius (elbow joint twisting outwards)

Question 5

4 major elbow flexors

Answer 5

• Bicep brachii
  
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
  • Pronator teres

Question 6

At what angle does optimal flexion torque occur

Answer 6

90 degrees

Question 7

Biceps brachii

- Origin and insertion

Answer 7

O: Scapula
I: Ulna

Question 8

Brachialis

- origin and insertion

Answer 8

O: Humerus
I: Ulna

Question 9

Brachioradialis

- origin and insertion

Answer 9

O: Humerus
I: Radius

Question 10

Define supination and pronation

Answer 10

Supination - rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward also : a corresponding movement of the foot and leg in which the foot rolls outward with an elevated arch.

pronation - rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards.

Question 11

Is elbow flexion torque greater when supinated or pronated

Answer 11

Supinated

Question 12

Elbow extensors

Answer 12

• T brachii Long, Medium and Lateral

- Anconeus

Question 13

What degrees is the triceps strongest

Answer 13

90 - 100

Question 14

radioulnar rotation can reach how much for pronation and supination

Answer 14

pronation - 75 degrees

supination - 85 degrees

Question 15

Supinator muscles

Answer 15

• Biceps
  
  • Supinator
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor indicis

Question 16

Pronator muscles

Answer 16

• Pronator teres
  
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Pronator quadratus

Question 17

Common elbow pathologies

Answer 17

• Medial epicondylitis
  
  • Lateral epicondylitis ( tennis elbow)
  • Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow
  • Medial collateral ligament rupture / avulsion injuries
  • Olecranon bursitis

Question 18

Acronym to remember wrist bones

Answer 18

Some Lovers try position that they can’t handle

- start on the bottom left

Question 19

Bones of the wrist

Answer 19

scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Question 20

Define extension and flexion of the wrist

Answer 20

Extension - hand goes back

Flexion - hand goes forward (towards forearm)

Question 21

Define radial and ulnar deviation

Answer 21

Radial deviation
- - Taking the wrist inwards, thumb towards the midline
Ulnar deviation
- - Taking the wrist outwards, pinky finger away from midline

Question 22

What movement are the dorsal and ventral muscles of the wrist responsible for

Answer 22

• Dorsal muscles responsible for extension

- Ventral muscles responsible for flexion

Question 23

What is the weak link in an adult wrist and a sub-adult wrist

Answer 23

Adult joint
- Epiphyseal plates are fused. Weak link = ligaments

Sub-adult joint
Unfused epiphyseal plates are the weak links

Question 24

Define PIP and DIP joints

Answer 24

DIP - joint at distal phalanx at tip of finger

PIP - joint at the middle and proximal phalanx in the middle of the finger

Question 25

Define lumbricals and function

Answer 25

Deep muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints
- assist in flexion and extension of fingers

Question 26

Define interossei

Answer 26

Three small unipennate muscles in the hand

- adduct the fingers

Question 27

What two muscles oppose each other to create grip

Answer 27

Abductor pollicis and first dorsal interossei