Week 9 Flashcards
What are the three joints in the elbow and what type of joint r they
- Radioulnar: Pivot Joint
- Humeroulnar: Hinge-joint
- Humeroradial: Hinge-joint
What ligament keeps the elbow in place
Annular ligament
Define Valgius and varius
Valgius - Elbow joint twisting inwards
Varius - elbow joint twisting outwards
What are the two ligament complexes and what do they prevent
- Medial collateral ligament complex, most important from 30 - 110 degrees elbow flexion. Prevents Valgius (elbow joint twisting inwards)
- Lateral collateral ligament complex, prevents varius (elbow joint twisting outwards)
4 major elbow flexors
- Bicep brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
- Pronator teres
At what angle does optimal flexion torque occur
90 degrees
Biceps brachii
- Origin and insertion
O: Scapula
I: Ulna
Brachialis
- origin and insertion
O: Humerus
I: Ulna
Brachioradialis
- origin and insertion
O: Humerus
I: Radius
Define supination and pronation
Supination - rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward also : a corresponding movement of the foot and leg in which the foot rolls outward with an elevated arch.
pronation - rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards.
Is elbow flexion torque greater when supinated or pronated
Supinated
Elbow extensors
- T brachii Long, Medium and Lateral
- Anconeus
What degrees is the triceps strongest
90 - 100
radioulnar rotation can reach how much for pronation and supination
pronation - 75 degrees
supination - 85 degrees
Supinator muscles
- Biceps
- Supinator
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor indicis
Pronator muscles
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Pronator quadratus
Common elbow pathologies
- Medial epicondylitis
- Lateral epicondylitis ( tennis elbow)
- Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow
- Medial collateral ligament rupture / avulsion injuries
- Olecranon bursitis
Acronym to remember wrist bones
Some Lovers try position that they can’t handle
- start on the bottom left
Bones of the wrist
scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Define extension and flexion of the wrist
Extension - hand goes back
Flexion - hand goes forward (towards forearm)
Define radial and ulnar deviation
Radial deviation
- - Taking the wrist inwards, thumb towards the midline
Ulnar deviation
- - Taking the wrist outwards, pinky finger away from midline
What movement are the dorsal and ventral muscles of the wrist responsible for
- Dorsal muscles responsible for extension
- Ventral muscles responsible for flexion
What is the weak link in an adult wrist and a sub-adult wrist
Adult joint
- Epiphyseal plates are fused. Weak link = ligaments
Sub-adult joint
Unfused epiphyseal plates are the weak links
Define PIP and DIP joints
DIP - joint at distal phalanx at tip of finger
PIP - joint at the middle and proximal phalanx in the middle of the finger
Define lumbricals and function
Deep muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints
- assist in flexion and extension of fingers
Define interossei
Three small unipennate muscles in the hand
- adduct the fingers
What two muscles oppose each other to create grip
Abductor pollicis and first dorsal interossei
