Week 11

Question 1

3 prime hip extensors

Answer 1

• Gluteus maximus
  
  • Long hamstrings
  • Adductor magnus

Question 2

3 prime hip flexors

Answer 2

• iliacus, psoas major
  
  • Rectus femoris, sartorius
  • Tensor fascia latae

Question 3

2 assistant hip flexors

Answer 3

• Pectineus

Adductors longus and brevis

Question 4

2 prime hip abductors

Answer 4

• Gluteus Medius and minimus

Question 5

2 assistant hip abductors

Answer 5

• Sartoris, TFL

- Superior fibres of gluteus maximus

Question 6

3 prime hip adductors

Answer 6

• Adductors longus, brevis and magnus
  
  • Pectineus
    Gracilis

Question 7

External rotators of the hip

Answer 7

• Piriformis
  
  • Gemellus superior
  • Obturator internus
  • Obturator externus
  • Gemellus inferior
    Quadratus femoris

Question 8

Internal rotators of the hip

Answer 8

• Gluteus medium and minimus

Question 9

Define piriformis syndrome

Answer 9

• is a condition in which the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region, spasms and causes buttock pain.

Question 10

4 common hip joint pathologies

Answer 10

• Hip fracture, neck of femur fractures and hip replacement surgery common in the elderly
  
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Bursitis
    Tears to the acetabular labrum

Question 11

Define meniscus

Answer 11

• a thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of some joints

Question 12

Define the Q-angle

Answer 12

• also known as quadriceps angle, is defined as the angle formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon.

Question 13

What are the 4 major ligaments of the knee

Answer 13

Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral and medial collateral ligament

Question 14

3 impacts of ACL rupture

Answer 14

• Knee laxity
  
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Knee replacement

Question 15

Define lachman’s test

Answer 15

Passive accessory movement test of the knee performed to identify the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament

Question 16

What type of joint is the knee

Answer 16

Roll and glide

Question 17

Define patellar tracking disorder

Answer 17

Patella shifts out of place as the leg bends or straightens

Question 18

Define open and closed chain movements

Answer 18

• Open chain movements: Distal segment (meaning ankle) is free to move
  
  • Closed chain movements: Distal segment fixed. Compressive tibiofemoral forces act to minimise shearing movements

Question 19

What effect does knee extension and flexion have on the ACL and PCL

Answer 19

• Knee extension generates anterior shearing forces that are borne by mostly by the ACL and coactivated hamstrings. Knee flexion generates posterior shearing forces that are borne by the PCL and perhaps to a small extent by quadriceps. Implications for rehabilitation

Question 20

When squatting, at what angles do the ACL and PCL experience shearing force

Answer 20

0 - 60 ACL

60 - 110 PCL

Question 21

Deep squats stress the ACL or PCL more

Answer 21

PCL

Question 22

Define Lombard’s paradox

Answer 22

• States when standing from a seated position both the hamstrings and quadriceps contract at the same time, despite them being antagonists

Question 23

What muscle unlocks the knee at the initiation of knee flexion

Answer 23

Popliteus

Question 24

Is the there more hamstring activation in an open or closed chain movement

Answer 24

open

Question 25

External rotators of the knee

Answer 25

Biceps femoris

Question 26

Internal rotators of the knee

Answer 26

Semitendinosus, semimembranosis, sartorius and Gracilis

Question 27

Define genu valgum
varum and
recurvatum

Answer 27

• Genu valgum (Knock knee, learn), varum (bow legs), recurvatum (hyperextension)

Question 28

What mechanism causes hamstring injuries

Answer 28

Power eccentric actions

Question 29

Risk factors of hamstring injuries

Answer 29

Previous injury, low eccentric strength, fatigue, high levels of muscle power, poor flexibilit