Week 11 Flashcards
3 prime hip extensors
- Gluteus maximus
- Long hamstrings
- Adductor magnus
3 prime hip flexors
- iliacus, psoas major
- Rectus femoris, sartorius
- Tensor fascia latae
2 assistant hip flexors
- Pectineus
Adductors longus and brevis
2 prime hip abductors
- Gluteus Medius and minimus
2 assistant hip abductors
- Sartoris, TFL
- Superior fibres of gluteus maximus
3 prime hip adductors
- Adductors longus, brevis and magnus
- Pectineus
Gracilis
- Pectineus
External rotators of the hip
- Piriformis
- Gemellus superior
- Obturator internus
- Obturator externus
- Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Internal rotators of the hip
- Gluteus medium and minimus
Define piriformis syndrome
- is a condition in which the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region, spasms and causes buttock pain.
4 common hip joint pathologies
- Hip fracture, neck of femur fractures and hip replacement surgery common in the elderly
- Osteoarthritis
- Bursitis
Tears to the acetabular labrum
Define meniscus
- a thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of some joints
Define the Q-angle
- also known as quadriceps angle, is defined as the angle formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon.
What are the 4 major ligaments of the knee
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral and medial collateral ligament
3 impacts of ACL rupture
- Knee laxity
- Osteoarthritis
- Knee replacement
Define lachman’s test
Passive accessory movement test of the knee performed to identify the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament
What type of joint is the knee
Roll and glide
Define patellar tracking disorder
Patella shifts out of place as the leg bends or straightens
Define open and closed chain movements
- Open chain movements: Distal segment (meaning ankle) is free to move
- Closed chain movements: Distal segment fixed. Compressive tibiofemoral forces act to minimise shearing movements
What effect does knee extension and flexion have on the ACL and PCL
- Knee extension generates anterior shearing forces that are borne by mostly by the ACL and coactivated hamstrings. Knee flexion generates posterior shearing forces that are borne by the PCL and perhaps to a small extent by quadriceps. Implications for rehabilitation
When squatting, at what angles do the ACL and PCL experience shearing force
0 - 60 ACL
60 - 110 PCL
Deep squats stress the ACL or PCL more
PCL
Define Lombard’s paradox
- States when standing from a seated position both the hamstrings and quadriceps contract at the same time, despite them being antagonists
What muscle unlocks the knee at the initiation of knee flexion
Popliteus
Is the there more hamstring activation in an open or closed chain movement
open
External rotators of the knee
Biceps femoris
Internal rotators of the knee
Semitendinosus, semimembranosis, sartorius and Gracilis
Define genu valgum
varum and
recurvatum
- Genu valgum (Knock knee, learn), varum (bow legs), recurvatum (hyperextension)
What mechanism causes hamstring injuries
Power eccentric actions
Risk factors of hamstring injuries
Previous injury, low eccentric strength, fatigue, high levels of muscle power, poor flexibilit
