Week 10 Flashcards
3 sections of the vertebrae (superior to inferior)
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Define costotransverse joint
joint between rib and vertebrae
3 main vertebral landmarks
- Transverse process
- Spinous process
- Costal facet
4 ligament of the spine
- Anterior longitudinal,
- Posterior longitudinal
- Supraspinous
- Interspinous
Anterior and posterior longitudinal function
- Anterior longitudinal, resist excessive extension
- Posterior longitudinal, resist excessive flexion
3 joints of the spine and pelvis
- Intervertebral
- Facet (apophyseal)
- Sacroiliac joint
The disc nucleus is encased in the multiple layers of what
annulus fibrosis
What are the 7 muscles of the spine
Multifidus The erector spinae Quadratus lumborum Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Transverus abdominus
Multifidus function
- origin
- Insertion
Function: is an important stabilizer of the lumbar spine
Origin: Posterior sacrum
Insertion: Spinous processes of vertebrae
The erector spinae function
- origin
- Insertion
Function: to straighten the back and provide for side-to-side rotation
Origin: Spinous processes of T9-T12
Insertion: spinous processes of T1 and T2
Quadratus lumborum function
Lateral flexor and extensor of the lumbar spine
Rectus abdominis function
Trunk flexor, rotator and lateral flexor
Transverus abdominus function
Minor role in trunk rotation
Internal and external oblique function
External - bilaterally to flex the trunk and compress its contents
Internal - flexion and rotation of the trunk. Accessory in respiration
Define trunk stability
the capacity of the trunk muscles to maintain a static posture in the face of destabilizing external forces / torques. Stability is important when transferring forces from lower to upper body
Define Intra-abdominal pressure
is the pressure within the abdominal cavity
Define Valsalva maneuver
Exerting pressure against a closed glottis
4 methods to decrease trunk extensor forces
- Decrease external load and lifting speed
- Decrease resistance arm length (hold loads closer)
- Increase effort arm length
- Squat vs stoop (bending over without bending knees)
What is the silent period of the erectors
When lifting relatively light loads the superficial erector spinae become electrically silent (no EMG) in positions of near full hip flexion
4 disc risks when training the trunk
- Losing the neutral spine under loading
- Repetitive cycles of spinal flexion
- Long durations of spinal flexion
- Coactivation of trunk muscles
