Week 6

Question 1

Adding sarcomere in-series results in extra force, T or F

Answer 1

False

- more room for excursion

Question 2

one sarcomere in series is as strong as?

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

Adding more sarcomeres in parallel increases force, T or F

Answer 3

T

- Also allows more muscle fibres along the aponeurosis

Question 4

4 effects of in-series sarcomeres

Answer 4

• Adding in sarcomeres allows them to shorten a lesser amount in the same time frame
  
  • No change to ECC force or velocity
  • No change to isometric force and velocity
  • Increase in concentric force and velocity

Question 5

4 effects on in-parallel series

Answer 5

• Increase in eccentric force and velocity
  
  • Increase in isometric force
  • Increase in concentric force
  • More in parallel allows for more force

Question 6

What are the 6 muscle shapes

Answer 6

Strap-like 
Fusiform 
Unipennate 
Bipennate
Radiate or triangular 
Multipennate

Question 7

Define strap-like

Answer 7

Same thickness all the way along

Question 8

Define fusiform

Answer 8

Fusions to form one muscle e.g. Biceps

Question 9

Define Unipennate

Answer 9

Common in leg and forearm. Run at certain angle regards to the tendon

Question 10

Define bipennate

Answer 10

Tendon in the middle. Muscle fibres arose from it

Question 11

Define radiate or triangular

Answer 11

Triangular, or sheet shaped. Shoulder, chest

Question 12

Define multipennate

Answer 12

A muscle with several tendons of origin and several tendons of insertion

Question 13

Define Anatomical-cross-section-area (ACSA)

Answer 13

90 degrees to muscle long axis

Question 14

Define Physiological-cross-section-area (PSCA)

Answer 14

90 degrees to muscle fibres long axis

Question 15

Pennate muscles allow extra …. without increasing muscle ……

Answer 15

PCSA

ACSA

Question 16

Force tendon equation

Answer 16

Ffibre x cos angle

Question 17

fusiform and strap-like muscles can shorten significantly more then the average muscle, T or F

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Why do pennate muscles contract rapidly

Answer 18

Less sarcomeres in series

Question 19

Longer fascicles = less risk of what

Answer 19

Injury

Question 20

Training increase pennation … what

Answer 20

Angle

Question 21

Define in-series sarcomere

Answer 21

sarcomeres are on top of each other, inferior and superior

Question 22

Define parallel sarcomere

Answer 22

Sarcomeres are next each other, run parallel

Question 23

What will adding sarcomeres in-series do

Answer 23

Longer muscles with more sarcomeres in series have greater potential for fast contractions

Question 24

Sarcomeres in-series form what

Answer 24

Myobrils

Question 25

Sarcomeres in parallel form what

Answer 25

Muscle cell or muscle fiber