Week 8- Schizophrenia

Question 1

schizophrenia is a ….

Answer 1

syndrome

Question 2

why si schizoprhenia classed as a syndrome?

Answer 2

defined by observable signs of psychosis

no single defining symptoms or sign, no known diagnostic lab test

positive symptoms:paranoid delusions,hallucinations, thought disorder

negative symptoms: diminished emotional expression and reaction, diminished participation in interpersonal relationship, loss of energy, drive and interests

Question 3

initally the theory of schizophenia was thought to be…

Answer 3

a dopamine imbalance

because of this neurleptic like chlorpromazine and haloperidol were used with Dopmaine 2 antagonists

Question 4

how many are affected by schizophrenia

Answer 4

0.5-1%

Question 6

does schizophrenia start earlier in one sex?

Answer 6

usually diagnosed in young adults 18-25, but onset is earlier in males

Question 7

is shcizophrenia heritbale?

Answer 7

highly heritable

Question 8

are more women or men affected by schizophgrenia

Answer 8

slightly more men then women but it is more severe usually in men

Question 9

When does schizophrenia tend to appear?

Answer 9

appear large phsycial and hormonal changes( puberty, after dealing with very stressful situations)

Question 10

symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 10

Question 11

Why is schizophrenia heterogeneous

Answer 11

no single defining symptoms and no identifiable diagnostic lab test

Question 12

Neuropath seen in schizophrenia

Answer 12

Question 13

is genetic predisopiton polygenic or mono?

Answer 13

polygenic

Question 14

heritbaility is –%

Answer 14

64-81

Question 15

how many chromosonal loci were found form GWAS studies are what are the most notable

Answer 15

Question 16

how many genes that confer risk were found from candidate gene studies?

Answer 16

Question 17

what evidence supports the theory that schizophrenia is neurodev disorder

Answer 17

many genes associated wiht schizophrenia slow prefenrtial expression during foetal dev. thus suggest that the genetic of schizophrenia is at least in part relevant to brain dev

Question 18

Prenatal risk factors for schizophrenia

Answer 18

Question 19

premorbid risks for ASD

Answer 19

Question 20

When is the window of oppurtunity

Answer 20

hgh risk prodomal stage

Question 21

During the early, premoid stage we see…

Answer 21

dysregualtion of protein networks. some of these proteins are DISC1, Neuroglin 1, SHANK3, Reelin, Kalirin 7, Neurexin 1

Question 22

DISC 1

Answer 22

protein disrupted in schizoprhenia thta is involved in cell prolif, diff and migration

Question 23

neureglin 1

Answer 23

protein thta plays a role in synapse formation and spine maturation

Question 24

neureglin 1

Answer 24

Protein involved in cell survival, prolif and diff

Question 25

Reelin

Answer 25

plays role in regualtion of neruonal migation and positioning

Question 26

Kalirin 7

Answer 26

invovled in nerve growth and axon development

Question 27

neurexin 1

Question 28

in the latent premorbid stage we see…

Answer 28

PFC and hippocampal asynchrony with a disruption in exictaotry and inhibitory balance here

Question 29

in the prodromal stage we see..

Answer 29

after the appearnace of the intial symmptoms prior to the psychosis onset…

there is excessive synaptic prunng

abbherant neuronal plasticity

dirputionof hypothalamic pitutaotry axis

Question 30

During period of promdromal, emergence and phsychosis there are increases in —- and decreases in — in the PFC though adolesence and early adulthood

Answer 30

increases in hibi and decreases in excitaotry synaptic strength

Question 31

tajectory in childred developping shcizophrenia could include…

Answer 31

reduced activity of inhib pathways and excessive pruning of excitaptry pathways.which both cause an imabalce in the excitatory inhib balance in PFC

reduced myelinaction could also reduce connectivity

data supports these mechanisms but non have been proven

Question 32

Neurleptics

Answer 32

Question 33

are pharmacologocial treatments designed to treat the symtooms or the domains in schizophrenia?

Answer 33

the symptoms not the diseasr

Question 34

atypical antipyshcotic

Answer 34

Question 35

are behaviorual therpiaes good for schiizopherenia?

Answer 35

theyve been found to be effetcive with antipyschotic treatment

Question 36

CBT

Answer 36

Question 37

Supportive psychotherapy

Answer 37

aims to helo patients deal eith loss, diability and stigma of living with schizophrenia

Question 38

less conventional non pharm treatment of shizophrneia is…

Answer 38

electroconvulsibe therapy or transcranial magnetic stimulation