Week 8- Schizophrenia Flashcards
schizophrenia is a ….
syndrome
why si schizoprhenia classed as a syndrome?
defined by observable signs of psychosis
no single defining symptoms or sign, no known diagnostic lab test
positive symptoms:paranoid delusions,hallucinations, thought disorder
negative symptoms: diminished emotional expression and reaction, diminished participation in interpersonal relationship, loss of energy, drive and interests
initally the theory of schizophenia was thought to be…
a dopamine imbalance
because of this neurleptic like chlorpromazine and haloperidol were used with Dopmaine 2 antagonists
how many are affected by schizophrenia
0.5-1%
does schizophrenia start earlier in one sex?
usually diagnosed in young adults 18-25, but onset is earlier in males
is shcizophrenia heritbale?
highly heritable
are more women or men affected by schizophgrenia
slightly more men then women but it is more severe usually in men
When does schizophrenia tend to appear?
appear large phsycial and hormonal changes( puberty, after dealing with very stressful situations)
symptoms of Schizophrenia
Why is schizophrenia heterogeneous
no single defining symptoms and no identifiable diagnostic lab test
Neuropath seen in schizophrenia
is genetic predisopiton polygenic or mono?
polygenic
heritbaility is –%
64-81
how many chromosonal loci were found form GWAS studies are what are the most notable
how many genes that confer risk were found from candidate gene studies?
what evidence supports the theory that schizophrenia is neurodev disorder
many genes associated wiht schizophrenia slow prefenrtial expression during foetal dev. thus suggest that the genetic of schizophrenia is at least in part relevant to brain dev
Prenatal risk factors for schizophrenia
premorbid risks for ASD
When is the window of oppurtunity
hgh risk prodomal stage
During the early, premoid stage we see…
dysregualtion of protein networks. some of these proteins are DISC1, Neuroglin 1, SHANK3, Reelin, Kalirin 7, Neurexin 1
DISC 1
protein disrupted in schizoprhenia thta is involved in cell prolif, diff and migration
neureglin 1
protein thta plays a role in synapse formation and spine maturation
neureglin 1
Protein involved in cell survival, prolif and diff
Reelin
plays role in regualtion of neruonal migation and positioning
Kalirin 7
invovled in nerve growth and axon development
neurexin 1
in the latent premorbid stage we see…
PFC and hippocampal asynchrony with a disruption in exictaotry and inhibitory balance here
in the prodromal stage we see..
after the appearnace of the intial symmptoms prior to the psychosis onset…
there is excessive synaptic prunng
abbherant neuronal plasticity
dirputionof hypothalamic pitutaotry axis
During period of promdromal, emergence and phsychosis there are increases in —- and decreases in — in the PFC though adolesence and early adulthood
increases in hibi and decreases in excitaotry synaptic strength
tajectory in childred developping shcizophrenia could include…
reduced activity of inhib pathways and excessive pruning of excitaptry pathways.which both cause an imabalce in the excitatory inhib balance in PFC
reduced myelinaction could also reduce connectivity
data supports these mechanisms but non have been proven
Neurleptics
are pharmacologocial treatments designed to treat the symtooms or the domains in schizophrenia?
the symptoms not the diseasr
atypical antipyshcotic
are behaviorual therpiaes good for schiizopherenia?
theyve been found to be effetcive with antipyschotic treatment
CBT
Supportive psychotherapy
aims to helo patients deal eith loss, diability and stigma of living with schizophrenia
less conventional non pharm treatment of shizophrneia is…
electroconvulsibe therapy or transcranial magnetic stimulation
