Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BM3052 > Haem. stroke & Aneurysms > Flashcards

Haem. stroke & Aneurysms Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Aneurysms

A
  • weakness in BV present at birth
  • HP in weak BV
  • previous aneurysm
  • Race( African Americans are more likely to have a SA hemorrhage)
  • fatty plaques which cause BV weakness
  • inherited disease that weaken BV
  • gender( woman more likely to dev a brain aneurysm/suffer a SA hemorrhage)
  • trauma
  • STIS like syphilis
  • PCKD
  • infection
  • unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 main locations of an aneurysm

A
  1. cerebral 2. thoracic aortic 2. abdominal aortic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

symptoms of a ruptured vs unruptured cerebral anuerysm

A

unraptured tend to have no related symptoms but ruptured include severe headaches with rapid onset, neck pain and stiffness, increasing drowsiness, paralysis, impaired speech and visual problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the symptoms of a cerebral ruptured aneurysm are associated with…

A

location of the bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common type of anneurysm is

A

saccular and this accounts for 80-90% intracranial aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 main types of cerebral aneurysm

A
  1. saccular 2.fusiform 3.giant 4.dissecting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ruptured brain aneurysms are fatal in…. Of the people that do survive how many suffer permanent neuro deficit

A

40%, 66%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

saccular aneurysms are the most common…

A

cerebral aneurysm(80-90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fusiform aneurysms

A
  • less common type - an outpoching of an arterial wall on both sides and dont have neck or stem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Giant aneurysm size and risk

A

>2.5cm and have a high and can be diff to treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

percentage of saccular aneurysms that dont rupture

A

50-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define

size of most saccular aneurysms

A

0.5 to 2cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

saccular aneurysm size and lcoation

A

tend to be rounded lobulated focal outpoucgings which usually arise at the arterial bifurcation and may arise from the lateral wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define

Dissecting aneurysm

A

creates a false lumen and tends to be the most damaging type of aneurysm as it thins the vessel wall and can usually end up being quite large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F

The prevalnce of AA increases with age

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F

Rupture of aa is associated with 70% mortality

A

false, it is 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F

surgical repair of ruptured AA has a 50% mortality

A

true

18
Q

As a consequence of increased mortality associated with AA and ruptured aa…

A

screening men over 65 reduced aneurysm related mortality

19
Q

Patients diagnosed eith small AA should have…

A

ongoin surveillance with ultrasound and CV risk factor modif

20
Q

Things to consider when treating an unruptured Aneurysm

A
  • risk of hemorrhage/ rupture probabbility
  • size and location
  • age and health of patient family history
  • aneurysm ruptured? recurring storke?
  • surgical risks
21
Q
A
22
Q

Treatment for an unruptured aneurysm

A
  1. Surgical clipping
  2. Endovascular coiling
23
Q

Surgical Clipping

A

The neurosurgeon removes a section of skull to access the aneurysm and locate the BV that feeds it. They place a small clip on the neck of the aneurysm to stop BF

24
Q

Endovascular coiling

A

can reach via a stent to enter the vessel then the coil enters the space to increase the structural integrity of the vessel and prevent rupture

25
Q

2 types of Haemorhaggic stroke

A

Intracerebral and Subarachnoid

26
Q

Percentage breakdown of each type of stroke and frequency

A

embolic- 25%

thrombotic - 60%

subarachnoid- 5%

intracerebral-10%

27
Q

Pharmacological agents for HS

A

We can use osmotic agents to reduce edema and IC pressure following a HS. e.g mannitol infusion

28
Q

Mannitol infusion

A

used to raise serum osmolarity as it is a high sucrose solution thus pulling fluid from tissue to blood

29
Q

Adverse events of using mannitol for ruptured aneurysm

A
  • 10% of patients will develop edema because the BBB tends to become leaky post-stroke thus the gradient may not be ensured
  • can be very dangerous depending on site of the brain
30
Q

surgical treatment for HS or ruptured aneurysm

A
  • surgical clipping
    • depends on where and how bad the damage is
  • endovascular coiling
    • filling and natural clotting can still plug the ruptured aneurysm
  • surgical repair(aortic aneurysm)
    • 50% effective
31
Q

4 types of ischaemic stroke models

A
  1. middle cerebral artery occlusion
  2. photothrombotic stroke
  3. endothelin-1 stroke
  4. embolic stroke
32
Q

Haemorrhagic stroke model

A
  1. autologous blood injection
  2. t-PA induced stroke
  3. endovascular puncture
33
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion advantages

A
  • mimics human stroke as most common human stroke is MCAO
  • reperfusion and duration is controlled
  • BF is measured
  • Most common model
34
Q

Cons of MCAO

A
  • Variable infarct damage
  • invasive surgery
    • animals cant be studied longterm
35
Q

Photothromotic Stroke Pros

A
  • induces a thrombus
  • minimal surgical intervention
    • popular with the animal ethics people
  • highly reproducible infarct damage
  • can control where to induce the stroke well
36
Q

Photothrombotic stroke Cons

A
  • little or no pneumbra
  • unable to measure BF
37
Q

Endothelin Model Pros

A
  • Conscious model of stroke
  • repro infarct damage
  • low mortality
38
Q

Endothelin Model Cons

A
  • induces astrocytosis and facilitates axonal sprouting
  • unable to measure BF
  • lacks a BBB breakdown
39
Q

Endovasc model Pros

A
  • closely mimics SAH in clinic
  • BF can be measured with laser dopler
40
Q

Autologous blood injection model Pros

A
  • Blood is injected into the striatum to establish a hematoma
  • widely used model for HS as it has good repro and is relevant to ICH patients
41
Q

Autologous blood injection model Cons

A
  • Does not simulate BV rupture as there is no constant Blood supply
42
Q

Endovasc puncture model cons

A

invasive surgery

BM3052 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions