Week 7- Weight Loss & Dieting Flashcards
Energy expenditure and food in take changes with weight loss
increase in FI, decrease EE
Energy expenditure and food in take changes with weight gain
increase in EE, decrease in FI
Evidence of energy expensiture regulation?
when we see weight loss, this is associated with decrease in body weight and thus less leptin.
to offset this leptin supplementation can prevent further weight loss
The most effective way of weight loss that reduces energy expenditure
changes in diet
how does weight loss from surgery lead to lowered EE
modifies hormonal profile and can override the homeostatic reduction
What are the metbaolic adaptions we see following weight loss that make it harder to maintain weight loss
we see decrease in BMR( the actual BMR seen is less than what should be predicted based on their body composition) this is thought to be because of an decrease in resting energy expenditure
we also see decreased thermogenesis
the long term effects on postprandial thermogenesis of weight gain and lean weight loss
obese: a year later there are no postprandial compensatory changes in skm and BAT thermogeneis
lean: after meals, the skM and BAT temperatures both drop suggesting that there is a decrease in EE, which shows a compensatory change. suggests both BMR and adaptive thermogeneis changes.
what is the common reuskt of yo-yo dieting?
tend to put on more weight than before.
weight cycling affect on food intake and feed efficnecy
with more weight cycling we see an increase food intake each time after each dieting phase. aswell as this we see a decrease in feed effiecncy which means that people tend to gain more weight with less calories, implying lower EE.
changes in BGL and insulin after weight cycling
a glucose injection in weifht cycled people shows greater increase in BGL, indicating glucose intolerance. more than this they display similar insulin resistance to animals predisposed to T2DM because of a high fat diet
weight loss decreases…. but increases…
decreases leptin bit increases ghrelin
both to drive hunger and reduce themrogeneis
keotgenic diets were originally made to treat…
epilepsy(kids who were pharacoresistant), this is becyase they reduce the amount of glutamate and increase GABA
reduced seizures by 50%
How ketogneic diets cause weight loss?
low carbs leads to preodmonatn fatty acid oxidation, the increased FFA and low carbs lead to increased fullness/satiety, decreased hunger in the short term and improved glucose tolerance
compensatory gut hormone changes on a keto diet
post prandial glucose decreases, showing increased glucose metab
increased ghrelin so we still see this compensatory change
