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BM3052 > Week 8 - Mental Health and Autism > Flashcards

Week 8 - Mental Health and Autism Flashcards

1
Q

The risk factors in common for mental illness and neurological disorders

A

genetics, smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, drug and alcohol use, older age, air pollution, brain injury

These are also common risk factors for many other chronic diseases

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2
Q

Common mental illnesses are

A
  • depression
  • panic disorders
  • drug dependance
  • insomnia
  • potentially schizophrenia
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3
Q

Common neurological disorders are…

A
  • Dementia
  • Alzhiemers
  • Epilepsy
  • Autism
  • MS
  • Brain tumours/injury
  • potentially schizophrenia
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4
Q

Why is Schizophrenia potentially a mental health condition and a neurological condition?

A

There are aspects of the disease that fit under both descriptions.

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5
Q

Define mental health

A
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6
Q

How many Australians report mental health conditions?

A

1 in 5

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7
Q

General demographic of Australians affected with mental health conditions ( gender/ age/ ethnicity?)

A

Affects all genders and ages.

The highest proportion reporting proportion is 15-24 yr olds whilst 0-14 yr olds are the lowest.

Higher reported in female populations.

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8
Q

Affect of comorbidities on mental health?

A

With severe disability, 58% of affected individuals also have mental health conditions whereas this is 14% in able bodies individuals.

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9
Q

Cost burden of mental health

A

Costs the government ~$28.6 billion in both health and economic burden. This is huge

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10
Q

Common mental health condition domains…

A
  1. Anxiety disorders
    • panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, GAD, OCD, PTSD
  2. affective disorders/ mood disorders
    • depressive episode( classed as mild/moderate/severe), Dysthymia, Bipolar Affective Disorder
  3. substance use disorder
    • harmful alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug use disorders
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11
Q

The models of health are…

A
  • Biomedical
  • Social
  • Humanistic
  • Existential
  • Transpersonal
  • Religious
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12
Q

Define

Biomedical model of health

A

relies purely on biological factors

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13
Q

Define

Social model of health

A

takes into account social, cultural and political and environmental factors

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14
Q

Define

Humanistic model of health

A

looks at patients as a whole person and not just the illness

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15
Q

Define

Existential model of health

A

based on the idea that we are unware of things when they are normal and only notice them when they are not good

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16
Q

Define

Transpersonal model of health

A

Model focuses on potential for improvement of growth

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17
Q

Define

Religious model of health

A

religion used to refer to illness as punishment thus this is the belief that practicing faith can relieve maladies

18
Q

The main model that of health is…

A

the biopsychosocial model of health

Looks at 3 important factors that impact health ( biological-ie genetic vulnerabilities, psychological-ie peers, social- ie self-esteeem). When we are treating someone we need to look at all of these

this is seen to be a mix of the biomedical, social, and humanistic models

19
Q

The biopsychosocial model of health for depression…

A
  • biological aspect
    • inherited predisposition to depression
    • age
    • chronic pain
    • illness- diabetes, stroke, heart disease
  • psychological aspect
    • low self-esteem
    • pessimistic
    • perfectionist
  • social aspect
    • violence or abuse
    • lack of social support
    • job loss
    • divorce
20
Q

Currently, more than …. of countries have no mental health policy

A

40%

21
Q

More than …. have no mental health programme

A

30%

22
Q

The barriers to mental health services…

A
  • Non recognition
  • lack of language to describe symptoms
  • The belief that it is not the domain of the doctors
  • denial
  • fear
  • stigma
  • distrust of doctors
  • financial burden
23
Q

5 A’s. The reasons why people may have trouble accessing health services.

A
  • Approachability
    • identifying that there is a service available
  • Acceptability
    • is it an acceptable service to the client socially, culturally, etc?
  • Availability
    • can clients reach it? telehealth is good for this one
  • Affordability
    • is it feasible? are there many indirect costs like having to take time off work?
  • Appropriateness
    • is it the right service for the clients needs
24
Q

Of 413,600 unemployed people, …. had a 12-month mental health disorder

A

29%

25
Q

…. of 10.4 million people who are employed had a 12-month mental health disorder

A

20%

26
Q

Mental health is lower in the unemployed

A

False

27
Q

Employers and mental health

A

Lots of employers are apprehensive to employ someone with mental health issues. this poses an even greater financial impact on these individuals with serious mental health issues.

28
Q

Housing, Homelessness and mental health

A

more than half (54%) of a group of 484,400 homeless people report having had a 12-month mental disorder.

Anxiety disorders, affective disorders and substance abuse are substantially higher in this group showing strong evidence of social determinants of health contributing to mental health

29
Q

3 ways to manage mental illness

A
  • pharamological
  • psychological
    • CBT
    • Family therpay
  • electroconvulsive therpay
    • last line of therapy nad only used when nothing else works
    • modern day version of this is not as severe
    • does happen for severe depression and can be more effective than medications and therapy
30
Q

GPs and mental health

A

12.4% of GP encounters in 2015-16 were for mental health.

The most frequently manages problems are Depression, Anxiety, Sleep disturbances

The most common management given by GPs is medication( used in 61.6% of mental health conditions)

31
Q

…. of Australians have a mental illness and concurrent physical illness

A

12%

32
Q

…. with a physical ullness also suffer sanxiety

A

9%. This is the most common concurrent mental health illness with physical malady

33
Q

A person with comorbid mental health issues and physical illness is most likely to be…

A

a female in her early 40s. This is usually because of chronic pain

Comorbidity also increases with disadvantages. Socioeconomic status affects the likelihood of mental and physical comorbidities

34
Q

When discussing ASD we use which language approach…

A

Identity-first approach

i.e disabled person or autistic person

this is preferred to the person first ( person with disability/autism) and middle-ground approach ( person on the spectrum)

35
Q

Austrism Spectrum Disorder includes…

A

Austism, Aspergers, PDD-NOS

36
Q

Autism affects…

A
  • communication and social interaction
  • it may result in restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities, stimming/rocking
  • some people have sensory sensitivities and can have meltdowns when overloaded
37
Q

How many Australians are on the austistic spectrum

A

1 in 100 to 1 in 200

38
Q

Most people on the spectrum report….

A

facing difficulties at school did not have high school qualification and are not employed

39
Q

Autism and mental health…

A

ASD is very correlated to…

  • anxiety
  • depression
  • PTSD
  • EDs
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Psychosis, Schizophrenia
40
Q

How many times more likely are high masking autistic individuals more likely to die?

A

14 times more by suicide

BM3052 (25 decks)

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