Week 8- Musculoskeletal Flashcards

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1
Q

the shaft or middle region of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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2
Q

the end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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3
Q

the flared portion of the bone - lies between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

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4
Q

a strong, fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of many bone types, except at the ends of the epiphyses; have an extensive nerve supply

A

Periosteum

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5
Q

overing at the end of long bones and surface of any bone that meets another bone; when two bones come together to form a joint, the bones themselves do not touch precisely but the articular cartilages do

A

Articular cartilage

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6
Q

hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum and located mainly around the diaphysis of long bones

A

Compact (cortical) bone

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7
Q

Within compact bone are __________ that contain blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients and remove wastes like CO2

A

haversian canals

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8
Q

where is the yellow bone marrow found?

A

in the medullary cavity of compact/cortical bones

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9
Q

more porous and less dense than compact bone; contain trabeculae, an interwoven fiber latticework found mainly in epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and in middle portion of most other bones

A

Cancellous bones or spongy bone or trabecular bone

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10
Q

what type of bone is red marrow found in

A

spongy bone/trabecular/cancellous bone

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11
Q

what are the 3 types of joints?

A
  1. immovable joint- sutures of skull
  2. partially moveable joint- between vertabrae
  3. freely moveable joints- synovial joints (major joints)
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12
Q

What are examples of a ball and socket joint in body

A

hip shoulder

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13
Q

what are examples of hinge joints in the body

A

knee, ankle, elbow

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14
Q

________(thickened fibrous bands of connective tissue) anchor one bone to another and add strength to the joint capsule in critical areas

A

Ligaments

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15
Q

lies under the joint capsule and lines the synovial cavity between the bones

A

synovial membrane

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16
Q

a lubricating fluid produced by the synovial membrane containing water and nutrients that nourish and protect the joints so that friction on cartilage is minimal

A

synovial fluid

17
Q

a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity and acts as a protective cushion; present in the knee

A

meniscus

18
Q

Closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane located NEAR but not within a joint (usually in two type of tissue that need to glide past each other)

A

bursae

19
Q

muscles that move all bones as well as controlling facial expression and eye movement; conscious control

A

striated muscle; voluntary; skeletal muscle

20
Q

involuntary or visceral muscles that contract to move internal organs like the GI tract, walls of the blood vessels and ducts leading from glands; unconscious control

A

smooth muscle; involuntary

21
Q

striated in appearance but like smooth muscle in action; cannot be consciously controlled; found in the heart

A

cardiac muscle

22
Q

The point of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone is called the ______ of that muscle

A

origin

23
Q

Another bone to which it is attached does move - the point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves is called the __________

A

insertion

24
Q

decrease in bone density/mass with thinning and weakening of bone; osteopenia the precursor where bone mineral density is lower than normal; often occurs in older women with a decline in estrogen levels

A

Osteoporosis

25
Q

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surfaces

A

Osteoarthritis (OA)

26
Q

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)