Week 8- Musculoskeletal Flashcards
the shaft or middle region of a long bone
Diaphysis
the end of a long bone
Epiphysis
the flared portion of the bone - lies between the diaphysis and the epiphysis
Metaphysis
a strong, fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of many bone types, except at the ends of the epiphyses; have an extensive nerve supply
Periosteum
overing at the end of long bones and surface of any bone that meets another bone; when two bones come together to form a joint, the bones themselves do not touch precisely but the articular cartilages do
Articular cartilage
hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum and located mainly around the diaphysis of long bones
Compact (cortical) bone
Within compact bone are __________ that contain blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients and remove wastes like CO2
haversian canals
where is the yellow bone marrow found?
in the medullary cavity of compact/cortical bones
more porous and less dense than compact bone; contain trabeculae, an interwoven fiber latticework found mainly in epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and in middle portion of most other bones
Cancellous bones or spongy bone or trabecular bone
what type of bone is red marrow found in
spongy bone/trabecular/cancellous bone
what are the 3 types of joints?
- immovable joint- sutures of skull
- partially moveable joint- between vertabrae
- freely moveable joints- synovial joints (major joints)
What are examples of a ball and socket joint in body
hip shoulder
what are examples of hinge joints in the body
knee, ankle, elbow
________(thickened fibrous bands of connective tissue) anchor one bone to another and add strength to the joint capsule in critical areas
Ligaments
lies under the joint capsule and lines the synovial cavity between the bones
synovial membrane
a lubricating fluid produced by the synovial membrane containing water and nutrients that nourish and protect the joints so that friction on cartilage is minimal
synovial fluid
a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity and acts as a protective cushion; present in the knee
meniscus
Closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane located NEAR but not within a joint (usually in two type of tissue that need to glide past each other)
bursae
muscles that move all bones as well as controlling facial expression and eye movement; conscious control
striated muscle; voluntary; skeletal muscle
involuntary or visceral muscles that contract to move internal organs like the GI tract, walls of the blood vessels and ducts leading from glands; unconscious control
smooth muscle; involuntary
striated in appearance but like smooth muscle in action; cannot be consciously controlled; found in the heart
cardiac muscle
The point of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone is called the ______ of that muscle
origin
Another bone to which it is attached does move - the point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves is called the __________
insertion
decrease in bone density/mass with thinning and weakening of bone; osteopenia the precursor where bone mineral density is lower than normal; often occurs in older women with a decline in estrogen levels
Osteoporosis
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surfaces
Osteoarthritis (OA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
