Week 8- Musculoskeletal

Question 1

the shaft or middle region of a long bone

Answer 1

Diaphysis

Question 2

the end of a long bone

Answer 2

Epiphysis

Question 3

the flared portion of the bone - lies between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Answer 3

Metaphysis

Question 4

a strong, fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of many bone types, except at the ends of the epiphyses; have an extensive nerve supply

Answer 4

Periosteum

Question 5

overing at the end of long bones and surface of any bone that meets another bone; when two bones come together to form a joint, the bones themselves do not touch precisely but the articular cartilages do

Answer 5

Articular cartilage

Question 6

hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum and located mainly around the diaphysis of long bones

Answer 6

Compact (cortical) bone

Question 7

Within compact bone are __________ that contain blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients and remove wastes like CO2

Answer 7

haversian canals

Question 8

where is the yellow bone marrow found?

Answer 8

in the medullary cavity of compact/cortical bones

Question 9

more porous and less dense than compact bone; contain trabeculae, an interwoven fiber latticework found mainly in epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones and in middle portion of most other bones

Answer 9

Cancellous bones or spongy bone or trabecular bone

Question 10

what type of bone is red marrow found in

Answer 10

spongy bone/trabecular/cancellous bone

Question 11

what are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 11

1. immovable joint- sutures of skull
2. partially moveable joint- between vertabrae
3. freely moveable joints- synovial joints (major joints)

Question 12

What are examples of a ball and socket joint in body

Answer 12

hip shoulder

Question 13

what are examples of hinge joints in the body

Answer 13

knee, ankle, elbow

Question 14

________(thickened fibrous bands of connective tissue) anchor one bone to another and add strength to the joint capsule in critical areas

Answer 14

Ligaments

Question 15

lies under the joint capsule and lines the synovial cavity between the bones

Answer 15

synovial membrane

Question 16

a lubricating fluid produced by the synovial membrane containing water and nutrients that nourish and protect the joints so that friction on cartilage is minimal

Answer 16

synovial fluid

Question 17

a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity and acts as a protective cushion; present in the knee

Answer 17

meniscus

Question 18

Closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane located NEAR but not within a joint (usually in two type of tissue that need to glide past each other)

Answer 18

bursae

Question 19

muscles that move all bones as well as controlling facial expression and eye movement; conscious control

Answer 19

striated muscle; voluntary; skeletal muscle

Question 20

involuntary or visceral muscles that contract to move internal organs like the GI tract, walls of the blood vessels and ducts leading from glands; unconscious control

Answer 20

smooth muscle; involuntary

Question 21

striated in appearance but like smooth muscle in action; cannot be consciously controlled; found in the heart

Answer 21

cardiac muscle

Question 22

The point of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone is called the ______ of that muscle

Answer 22

origin

Question 23

Another bone to which it is attached does move - the point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves is called the __________

Answer 23

insertion

Question 24

decrease in bone density/mass with thinning and weakening of bone; osteopenia the precursor where bone mineral density is lower than normal; often occurs in older women with a decline in estrogen levels

Answer 24

Osteoporosis

Question 25

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surfaces

Answer 25

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Question 26

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue

Answer 26

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)