Week 3- Reproductive Systems

Question 1

What is a female sex cell?

Answer 1

ovum

Question 2

What is a male sex cell?

Answer 2

sperm

Question 3

What are the female/male gonads?

Answer 3

ovaries and testes (produce eggs and sperm)

Question 4

a pair of almond shaped organs that produce eggs and hormones

Answer 4

ovaires

Question 5

lies near each ovary and the fimbriae, finger like ends of

the tubes that “catch” the eggs after its release from the ovary

Answer 5

fallopian tubes

Question 6

line the fallopian tubes and sweep the ovum along

Answer 6

Cilia

Question 7

a pear-shaped organ with muscular walls, mucous membrane lining filled with a rich supply of blood vessels

Answer 7

uterus

Question 8

two small rounded glands on either side of vaginal orifice that produce a mucous secretion that lubricates the vagina

Answer 8

Bartholin glands

Question 9

organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the vaginal orifice and in front of the urethral meatus

Answer 9

Clitoris

Question 10

region between the vaginal orifice and the anus

Answer 10

perineum

Question 11

breasts are composed mostly of _____ glands

Answer 11

mammary glands

Question 12

onset of menstruation occurs at the time of puberty

Answer 12

menarche

Question 13

day 1-5 discharge of bloody fluid containing disintegrated endometrial cells, glandular secretions and blood cells

Answer 13

menstration

Question 14

maturing follicle in the ovary; release of estrogen helps to repair endometrium; ovum grows in the follicle
day6-12

Answer 14

follicular phase

Question 15

follicle ruptures and egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube
day 13-14

Answer 15

ovulation

Question 16

empty follicle fills with yellow material and becomes corpeus luteum which secretes progesterone into the bloodstream; stimulates the building up of lining of uterus in anticipation of fertilization of the egg; if fertilization does NOT occur corpeus luteum stops producing progesterone and shrinks; estrogen and progesterone decrease which may be responsible for PMS; after 2 days of decrease, uterine endometrium breaks down and menstrual period begins
day 15-28

Answer 16

luteal phase

Question 17

a vascular origin, forms and attaches to the uterine wall

Answer 17

placenta

Question 18

what is the hormone used for pregnancy tests?

Answer 18

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 19

what does hcg do?

Answer 19

hCG stimulates corpus luteum to continue producing hormones until 3rd month of pregnancy when the placenta takes over endocrine function and releases estrogen and progesterone

Question 20

cephalic presentation

Answer 20

baby head comes out first in delivery

Question 21

What hormones does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 21

LH

FSH

Question 22

What does FSH do?

Answer 22

stimulate maturation of the ovum and ovulation

Question 23

What does LH do?

Answer 23

-stimlulates ovulation

after ovulation influences maintenance of the corpus luteum and its production of estrogen and progesterone

Question 24

Where in the body are estrogen and progesterone made?

Answer 24

ovaries

Question 25

What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?

Answer 25

infection with HPV

Question 26

hoe do you test for cervical cancer?

Answer 26

Pap smear

Question 27

large mass of narrow coiled tubes that contain Sertoli cells to manufacture spermatozoa

Answer 27

Seminiferous tubules

Question 28

where is sperm made?

Answer 28

Sertoli cells

Question 29

Where is testosterone made?

Answer 29

Interstitial cells/Leydig cells

Question 30

lies at the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra, almost encircles the upper end of the urethra; muscular tissue aids in expulsion of fluid during ejaculation; secretes a milky white fluid mixture of sugars, enzymes and alkaline chemicals – alkaline chemicals promote survival of sperm in acidic environment of the vagina

Answer 30

prostate gland

Question 31

below the prostate; also secrete fluid during ejaculation

Answer 31

Bulbourethral glands

Question 32

What age does testicular cancer usually occur in men?

Answer 32

15-35

Question 33

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum; benign and can be idiopathic or caused by trauma; may resolve on their own or aspiration or surgery may be needed

Answer 33

Hydrocele

Question 34

twisting of the spermatic cord; cuts off blood supply to the testis; most commonly occurs in childhood and as a result of trauma; MUST have surgical correction to save the testis

Answer 34

testicular torsion

Question 35

nlarged, dilated veins near the testicle; may be a/w oligospermia and azoospermia and can result in pain; infertility may result

Answer 35

Varicocele

Question 36

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland; common in men > 60 y/o that results in urinary obstruction and inability to empty the bladder completely

Answer 36

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 37

When does Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occur?

Answer 37

men 60 or older

Question 38

malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) - typically in men > 50 y/o; digital rectal examination (DRE) can detect tumors at a later stage; usually has a good outcome but can metastasize to the bone, lungs

Answer 38

prostate cancer

Question 39

What STI has the following:

burning with urination + white or clear discharge

Answer 39

Chlamydia

Question 40

What STI has the following:

painful urination + yellow mucopurulent (pus) discharge

Answer 40

Gonorrhea

Question 41

What STI has the following:

reddening of the skin with fluid filled very painful ulcers; remissions happen over time

Answer 41

herpes

Question 42

What STI causes genital warts?

Answer 42

HPV