Week 3- Reproductive Systems Flashcards
What is a female sex cell?
ovum
What is a male sex cell?
sperm
What are the female/male gonads?
ovaries and testes (produce eggs and sperm)
a pair of almond shaped organs that produce eggs and hormones
ovaires
lies near each ovary and the fimbriae, finger like ends of
the tubes that “catch” the eggs after its release from the ovary
fallopian tubes
line the fallopian tubes and sweep the ovum along
Cilia
a pear-shaped organ with muscular walls, mucous membrane lining filled with a rich supply of blood vessels
uterus
two small rounded glands on either side of vaginal orifice that produce a mucous secretion that lubricates the vagina
Bartholin glands
organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the vaginal orifice and in front of the urethral meatus
Clitoris
region between the vaginal orifice and the anus
perineum
breasts are composed mostly of _____ glands
mammary glands
onset of menstruation occurs at the time of puberty
menarche
day 1-5 discharge of bloody fluid containing disintegrated endometrial cells, glandular secretions and blood cells
menstration
maturing follicle in the ovary; release of estrogen helps to repair endometrium; ovum grows in the follicle
day6-12
follicular phase
follicle ruptures and egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube
day 13-14
ovulation
empty follicle fills with yellow material and becomes corpeus luteum which secretes progesterone into the bloodstream; stimulates the building up of lining of uterus in anticipation of fertilization of the egg; if fertilization does NOT occur corpeus luteum stops producing progesterone and shrinks; estrogen and progesterone decrease which may be responsible for PMS; after 2 days of decrease, uterine endometrium breaks down and menstrual period begins
day 15-28
luteal phase
a vascular origin, forms and attaches to the uterine wall
placenta
what is the hormone used for pregnancy tests?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
what does hcg do?
hCG stimulates corpus luteum to continue producing hormones until 3rd month of pregnancy when the placenta takes over endocrine function and releases estrogen and progesterone
cephalic presentation
baby head comes out first in delivery
What hormones does the pituitary gland release?
LH
FSH
What does FSH do?
stimulate maturation of the ovum and ovulation
What does LH do?
-stimlulates ovulation
after ovulation influences maintenance of the corpus luteum and its production of estrogen and progesterone
Where in the body are estrogen and progesterone made?
ovaries
What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?
infection with HPV
hoe do you test for cervical cancer?
Pap smear
large mass of narrow coiled tubes that contain Sertoli cells to manufacture spermatozoa
Seminiferous tubules
where is sperm made?
Sertoli cells
Where is testosterone made?
Interstitial cells/Leydig cells
lies at the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra, almost encircles the upper end of the urethra; muscular tissue aids in expulsion of fluid during ejaculation; secretes a milky white fluid mixture of sugars, enzymes and alkaline chemicals – alkaline chemicals promote survival of sperm in acidic environment of the vagina
prostate gland
below the prostate; also secrete fluid during ejaculation
Bulbourethral glands
What age does testicular cancer usually occur in men?
15-35
sac of clear fluid in the scrotum; benign and can be idiopathic or caused by trauma; may resolve on their own or aspiration or surgery may be needed
Hydrocele
twisting of the spermatic cord; cuts off blood supply to the testis; most commonly occurs in childhood and as a result of trauma; MUST have surgical correction to save the testis
testicular torsion
nlarged, dilated veins near the testicle; may be a/w oligospermia and azoospermia and can result in pain; infertility may result
Varicocele
benign growth of cells within the prostate gland; common in men > 60 y/o that results in urinary obstruction and inability to empty the bladder completely
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
When does Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occur?
men 60 or older
malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) - typically in men > 50 y/o; digital rectal examination (DRE) can detect tumors at a later stage; usually has a good outcome but can metastasize to the bone, lungs
prostate cancer
What STI has the following:
burning with urination + white or clear discharge
Chlamydia
What STI has the following:
painful urination + yellow mucopurulent (pus) discharge
Gonorrhea
What STI has the following:
reddening of the skin with fluid filled very painful ulcers; remissions happen over time
herpes
What STI causes genital warts?
HPV
