Week 6- respiratory Flashcards
what is external respiration?
the exchange of air between the lungs and the external environment
regular breathing
air exchange of gasses at the level of the cells within all organs of the body
Oxygen passes out of the capillaries into tissue cells and CO2 passes from tissue cells into the capillaries to travel to the lungs for exhalation
internal respiration
what Is internal respiration
gas exchange on the cellular level
why are sinuses important?
they produce mucus and also lighten the bones of the skull and help to produce sound
what part of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids
nasopharynx
is sound produced when the air is inhaled or exhaled?
exhaled
the largest of the cartilages and commonly referred to as the Adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
what is the windpipe?
trachea
which lobe of the lung is larger/has 3 lobes?
right
what is the The uppermost part of the lungs called
apex
the midline region of the lung where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue and bronchial tubes enter and exit
hilum
the outer layer of the pleural near the lungs is called the
parietal pleura
the inner layer of the pleural close to the lungs is called the…
visceral pleura
this thin, watery fluid moistens the pleura and facilitates movement of the lungs within the chest
serous
The diaphragm contracts and descends in inhalation or exhalaiation
inhalation
diaphragm relaxes and elevates with inhalation or exhalation
exhalation
Auscultation
listening to sounds of the body; performed with a stethoscope and helpful to diagnose conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart and abdomen
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure; solid organ = dull, air-filled structure = resonant, hollow sound
precision
fine crackling sounds heard “on auscultation” during inhalation when there is fluid in alveoli
rasels (crackles)
loud, rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
ronchi
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration (no auscultation needed) caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
Stridor
Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx; barking cough and stridor
croup
Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea; paroxysmal (violent, sudden) spasms of cough
Pertussis
chronic bronchial inflammation with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction; usually accompanied by increased mucus production; dyspnea (difficulty breathing), wheezing and cough
asthma
inflammation of the bronchi that is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); infections and smoking are leading causes; excessive secretion of mucus, productive cough and obstruction of respiratory passages
chronic bronchitis
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls; results in respiratory flow limitation; smoking is a strong risk factor; another form of COPD
emphysemia
malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi; often a/w with smoking and is the most fatal malignancy
lung cancer
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory system
pnemonia
clot or other material lodges in the vessels of the lung; the clots travels from distant veins usually in the legs and results in a pulmonary infarction; acute pleuritic chest pain and is a medical emergency
pulmonary embolism
