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Health and Psychological Well-being > Week 8 Lecture > Flashcards

Week 8 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are lay or informal carers? (5)

A
  1. people in the community
  2. not paid
  3. usually a close relative
  4. sometimes a not close relative or friend
  5. no qualifications
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2
Q

What do informal carers do? (4)

A
  1. assist with daily living
  2. emotional support
  3. may be a voice in formal care
  4. manage financial matters
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3
Q

Who is a primary carer?

A

Gives the main amount of support for patients

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4
Q

What is secondary care?

A

assist primary carer

looks after person but to a lesser extent

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5
Q

How many unpaid carers are there in Australia and what are some things we know about them? (4)

A

2.86 million
mostly female
average age 54 years
paid 40% less

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6
Q

If a person has dementia, what might carers have to think about?

A

The patients and their own safety, personality changes, violent behaviour

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7
Q

What are the carers needs? (3)

A
  1. financial needs’
  2. physical needs
  3. mental health
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8
Q

What are 5 things that carers lose through caring?

A
  1. social contacts
  2. leisure activities
  3. sense of self
  4. free time
  5. conversation
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9
Q

What is the three item ZBI screening version?

A

measures carers burden

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10
Q

In a large Australian study, what was found about carers?

A

most carers fell well below the normal range for personal wellbeing

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11
Q

A recent meta analysis found what on the health variants of carers vs no carers and what this variation was due to?

A

carers have worse mental health
physical health was not impacted to much
this varied on gender, age, relationship for care recipient and dementia care

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12
Q

What are some positive aspects of caring found in a study with 1229 carers?

A
  • feeling useful
  • feeling needed
  • feeling important
  • strong and confident
  • appreciating life more
  • strengthened relationships
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13
Q

In the Canadian study of positive aspects of care giving of the elderly, how many identified at least 1 positive aspect, and what was found?

A
  • 73% could identify at least 1 positive aspect

- positive feelings were associated with lower depressions, lower burden and better self assessed health

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14
Q

A longitudinal study on carers found what?

A

caring helped coping with grief

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15
Q

A systematic review of 50 studies found what in benefits of care givers?

A
  • personal growth
  • gratitude
  • meaning
  • fewer depression
  • less anxiety
  • better psychological state
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16
Q

What is the most common type of age associated dementia>

A

Alzheimers and cerebrovascular pathology

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17
Q

What is the estimated global cost of dementia?

A

approx US $818 billion

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18
Q

Dementia carers have higher rates of:

A
  • depression
  • unmet needs
  • poorer quality of life
  • poorer health
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19
Q

What are the long term correlates of dementia carers?

A
  • psychological distress
  • perceived stress and burden
  • chronic fatigue
  • lowered immune system
  • drug and alcohol use
  • depression
  • mortality
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20
Q

What percentage of dementia care givers report significant distress?

A

50%

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21
Q

How many dementia care givers contemplate suicide more than once in a year? (1)
How many of these said they were likely to attempt suicide
n the future? (1)

A
  1. 1 in 4

2. 1 third of them

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22
Q

Why are there subgroups in carers to do with area?

A

Because of their environment

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23
Q

What are some reasons as to why Tasmanian carers are high risk? (4)

A
  1. high dementia burden
  2. isolated
  3. high socio economic disadvantage
  4. second highest suicide rate nationally
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24
Q

The united estimates what about indigenous peoples?

A

370 million worldwide, belonging to 5000 different groups in 90 countries

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25
Q

Are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders more likely to be carers?

A

Yes due to family members, due to health disparity

26
Q

Mental health is worse in Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders:

A
  • high levels of psychological distress nearly 3 times the rate
  • self harm among young aged 15-24 are 5.2 times the rate
27
Q

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are more likely to:

A
  • experience hearing loss die to ear disease

- require self care assistance, mobility or communication due to developmental delay

28
Q

What is the life expectancy or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders compared to non-indigenous?

A

approx 17 years less

29
Q

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders infant mortality compared to non-indegenous:

A

1.5 times higher

30
Q

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders education attainment is:

A

23% complete grade 12

31
Q

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders employment is:

A

33% 18-24 study/work

32
Q

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders health:

A

2X higher to have poor health

33
Q

What percent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander are carers?

A

12.5%, with females providing more

34
Q

What is the average age of a Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander carer?

A

37 years

35
Q

Young cares in a systematic review found what?

A
  • aged between 4 and 25 years
  • spend most time at home
  • highly involved
  • conceal the condition to others
  • want a ‘normal life’
36
Q

What are some developmental challenges that young carers have?

A
  • simultaneously studying
  • less time in school or doing homework
  • employment difficulties
  • sleep difficulties
  • self harm and suicide
37
Q

Why do we care about carers well being?

A

They help reduce burden on health sector and the economy

38
Q

If carers were not able to prove care, how much would it cost for Australia?

A

$60.3 billion AU dollars

39
Q

The carers quality of life and health and the carers quality of life and health has what kind of relationship?

A

A bidirectional relationship - one influences the other

40
Q

What are some predictors of carer’s coping?

A
  • same as in chronic illness
  • social engagement and support
  • leisure activities
41
Q

Describe respite in carers:

A

giving the carer a break. Can be short term or long term or residential care

42
Q

What are some psychological approaches in supporting caregivers? (5)

A
  1. cognitive therapy
  2. coping
  3. pleasant activities
  4. interventions
  5. holistic approach
43
Q

Can health and welfare professionals also be a form of respite?

A

yes, through expressing feelings

44
Q

What are some practical barriers to seeking help for carers?

A
  • money
  • lack of services
  • time
45
Q

What are some psychological barriers for carers seeking help?

A
  • focus on others not on self
  • burnout and depression
  • guilt
  • trust
46
Q

What are some cultural/social barriers for seeking help for carers?

A
  • duty
  • expectations
  • language barriers
  • disadvantage
47
Q

What is the biggest barrier to carers?

A

The jargon word.

48
Q

Why is rewording important to carers?

A

Because lots of people do not like to identify as a carer. They say it is just family duties etc

49
Q

What is often the goal to improve diabetic self menagement?

A

To include the carer but only to improve the patients self management

50
Q

What was found in a review for interventions for caregivers of people living with cancer?

A

-interventions may improve the caregivers quality of life straight after, but not long term

51
Q

What did a systematic review of interventions of carers find? (stroke)

A

all interventions were on carers of people with stroke
education and support programs improve caregivers quality of life
provides knowledge

52
Q

Which type of theory provides the strongest benefits for carers and is currently the only type of theory which can delay institutionalisation?

A

cognitive behaviour therapy

53
Q

Are interventions effective for young people?

A

may not be as engaging and are rare

providing a drawing of their experience helped to shift the focus of interventions

54
Q

Indigenous people are:

A

culturally distinct groups from a non dominant sector of society, and have historical continuity with pre invasion roots and lands

55
Q

What was found in a systematic review of Indigenous care givers?

A
  • only 7 studies which met inclusion
  • only 1 intervention study
  • poorer health and higher burden
  • these outcomes can be alleviated
56
Q

Future research in Indigenous peoples need what? (PAR)

A
  • Participatory (carers have a voice)
  • more Action related models
  • Research type
57
Q

Interventions for caregivers of people living with cancer show what?

A
  • interventions don’t have much impact
  • should involve carers personal needs
  • should target high risk
58
Q

Are most cancer caregiver’s intentions assessed?

A

No, some do not even ask for their satisfaction with the intervention at all

59
Q

Interventions for Indigenous carers for social and emotional wellbeing must what?

A

encourage self determination
community governance
community life
restoration

60
Q

What are some important features in interventions for Indigenous carers?

A
  • a holistic approach
  • focus on recovery
  • Indigenous led
  • culturally responsive
61
Q

The International alliance of carer organisations says what are strategic priorities on caregivers globally (4)?

A
  1. Increase awareness and recognition
  2. enhance understanding of caring
  3. create strategies
  4. facilitate capacity building of the IACO

Health and Psychological Well-being (13 decks)

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