Week 1 Lecture

Question 1

What was the world Health Organisations 1946 definition of health?

Answer 1

The state of complete physical, social and spiritual wellbeing, not simply the absence of illness.

Question 2

What aspects does the WHO definition of health overlook?

Answer 2

psychological factors, cultural and economic aspects of health

Question 3

What terms is often used to describe human behaviour and why?

Answer 3

Psychosocial - because psychological factors are a key factor in health and are embedded into a social context

Question 4

What are two things which are also strongly associated with health outcomes, but not often recognised?

Answer 4

Social inequalities and poverty.

Question 5

How does Mark et al define health?

Answer 5

A state of wellbeing with satisfaction of physical, cultural, psychosocial, economic and spiritual needs, not simply the absence of illness.

Question 6

How does health psychology challenge the mind-body split?

Answer 6

By suggesting a role for the mind in both the cause and treatment of illness.

Question 7

Is health psychology linear?

Answer 7

no, claims that illness can be caused by a combination of biological, psychological and social factors, a multitude of factors.

Question 8

Who is responsible for illness?

Answer 8

Because health has multiple factors, the individual needs to be held responsible for their illness.

Question 9

How should health be treated in health psychology?

Answer 9

The whole person should be treated.

Question 10

Who is responsible for treatment?

Answer 10

The patient - as the whole person is treated

Question 11

What is the relationship between health and illness?

Answer 11

Like a continuum, from health to illness and back again

Question 12

What is the relationship between the mind and the body?

Answer 12

They interact

Question 13

What is the role of psychology in health and illness?

Answer 13

Psychology contributes to all stages along the health continuum

Question 14

What are the two aims of health psychology?

Answer 14

1. To develop and test a theory of health behaviour

2. Health psychology aims to put theory into practise

Question 15

How do we develop and test a theory of health behaviour? (5)

Answer 15

• Evaluate the role of behaviour in illness
• predicting unhealthy behaviour
• look at link between psychology and physiology
• understand role of psych in the experience of illness
• evaluate role of psych in the treatment of illness

Question 16

How do we put theory into practice

Answer 16

• promote healthy behaviour

- prevent illness

Question 17

What is the main similarity between clinical psychology and health psychology?

Answer 17

Concerned with the role of psychological factors in the development and experience and health

Question 18

What is the main difference between clinical psychology and health psychology? (2)

Answer 18

• The focus of clinical psychology focuses on mental health.
• Health psychology addresses physical health and uses different approaches to promote change

Question 19

What are two crossovers between clinical psychology and health psychology?

Answer 19

• holistic approach between mind and body

- mental and physical health are heavily interrelated

Question 20

Who developed the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 20

Engel

Question 21

Why was the biopsychosocial model developed?

Answer 21

Aimed to integrate the psychological, environmental (social) into traditional biomedical model of health.

Question 22

How is psychology present throughout the course of an illness on the health continuum

Answer 22

Through illness onset, illness adaptation and illness outcomes.

Question 23

What is the direct pathway (dual pathway model)?

Answer 23

Says that the way a person experiences their life has a direct impact on their body

Question 24

What is the indirect pathway (dual pathway model)?

Answer 24

How peoples perspective influences behaviour, which can then impact health.

Question 25

what is variability in terms of health psychology?

Answer 25

How two difference people react to the same thing

Question 26

Does knowledge and severity of illness always predict behaviour change?

Answer 26

No.

Question 27

What are 5 theories which are involved in health psychology?

Answer 27

1. learning theory
2. social cognition theories
3. stage theories
4. decision making theory
5. physiological theories

Question 28

What are 4 model which health psychology uses to predict behaviour and behaviour change?

Answer 28

1. stage models
2. cognition models
3. integrated models
4. self regulatory model of illness

Question 29

Health psychology uses constructs to encapsulate or define processes such as perceived control, illness beliefs, coping and quality of life. How can we be critical of these constructs in research and theory?

Answer 29

1. we need to question theory
2. question constructs
3. question all aspects of methodology

Question 30

What are some roles of a health psychologist?

Answer 30

health promotion, many roles in a clinical settings