Week 1 Lecture Flashcards
What was the world Health Organisations 1946 definition of health?
The state of complete physical, social and spiritual wellbeing, not simply the absence of illness.
What aspects does the WHO definition of health overlook?
psychological factors, cultural and economic aspects of health
What terms is often used to describe human behaviour and why?
Psychosocial - because psychological factors are a key factor in health and are embedded into a social context
What are two things which are also strongly associated with health outcomes, but not often recognised?
Social inequalities and poverty.
How does Mark et al define health?
A state of wellbeing with satisfaction of physical, cultural, psychosocial, economic and spiritual needs, not simply the absence of illness.
How does health psychology challenge the mind-body split?
By suggesting a role for the mind in both the cause and treatment of illness.
Is health psychology linear?
no, claims that illness can be caused by a combination of biological, psychological and social factors, a multitude of factors.
Who is responsible for illness?
Because health has multiple factors, the individual needs to be held responsible for their illness.
How should health be treated in health psychology?
The whole person should be treated.
Who is responsible for treatment?
The patient - as the whole person is treated
What is the relationship between health and illness?
Like a continuum, from health to illness and back again
What is the relationship between the mind and the body?
They interact
What is the role of psychology in health and illness?
Psychology contributes to all stages along the health continuum
What are the two aims of health psychology?
- To develop and test a theory of health behaviour
2. Health psychology aims to put theory into practise
How do we develop and test a theory of health behaviour? (5)
- Evaluate the role of behaviour in illness
- predicting unhealthy behaviour
- look at link between psychology and physiology
- understand role of psych in the experience of illness
- evaluate role of psych in the treatment of illness
How do we put theory into practice
- promote healthy behaviour
- prevent illness
What is the main similarity between clinical psychology and health psychology?
Concerned with the role of psychological factors in the development and experience and health
What is the main difference between clinical psychology and health psychology? (2)
- The focus of clinical psychology focuses on mental health.
- Health psychology addresses physical health and uses different approaches to promote change
What are two crossovers between clinical psychology and health psychology?
- holistic approach between mind and body
- mental and physical health are heavily interrelated
Who developed the biopsychosocial model?
Engel
Why was the biopsychosocial model developed?
Aimed to integrate the psychological, environmental (social) into traditional biomedical model of health.
How is psychology present throughout the course of an illness on the health continuum
Through illness onset, illness adaptation and illness outcomes.
What is the direct pathway (dual pathway model)?
Says that the way a person experiences their life has a direct impact on their body
What is the indirect pathway (dual pathway model)?
How peoples perspective influences behaviour, which can then impact health.
what is variability in terms of health psychology?
How two difference people react to the same thing
Does knowledge and severity of illness always predict behaviour change?
No.
What are 5 theories which are involved in health psychology?
- learning theory
- social cognition theories
- stage theories
- decision making theory
- physiological theories
What are 4 model which health psychology uses to predict behaviour and behaviour change?
- stage models
- cognition models
- integrated models
- self regulatory model of illness
Health psychology uses constructs to encapsulate or define processes such as perceived control, illness beliefs, coping and quality of life. How can we be critical of these constructs in research and theory?
- we need to question theory
- question constructs
- question all aspects of methodology
What are some roles of a health psychologist?
health promotion, many roles in a clinical settings
