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Health and Psychological Well-being > Week 7 Lecture > Flashcards

Week 7 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is coronary heart disease also known as?

A

Coronary artery disease

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2
Q

What type of disease is coronary heart disease?

A

A cardiovascular disease which involves diseases affecting heart of blood vessels

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3
Q

When does coronary heart disease occur?

A

When the walls of coronary arteries become narrowed bu a gradual build up of fatty material called atheroma

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4
Q

What are the 4 main forms of coronary heart disease?1

A
  1. angina
  2. acute myocardinal infarction
  3. sudden cardiac death
  4. heart failure
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5
Q

What is angina?

A

pain in chest sometimes radiating down left arm

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6
Q

What is acute myocardinal infarction?

A

A heart attack

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7
Q

When does sudden cardiac death most occur?

A

Mostly after previous heart attacks

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8
Q

What is heart failure?

A

When your heart is not pumping properly

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9
Q

What is the leading form of death?

A

coronary heart disease?

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10
Q

How many men and women die from coronary heart disease each year?

A

3.8 million men and 3.4 million women approx each year

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11
Q

What are some things which certain types of stress predict in chronic illness among Australians? (3 type of stress)

A
  • work related stress associated with depression and anxiety
  • personal stresses for depression, anxiety diabetes and heart disease
  • family related stress onset of heart and circulatory diseases
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12
Q

Those working long hours increase their risk of what?

A

stroke

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13
Q

Work stress predicts what according to a meta analysis?

A

heart disease and stroke

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14
Q

What are some things which predict coronary heart disease?

A

smoking, high cholestoral, hypertension, physical anxiety

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15
Q

Some strong and consistent evidence of psychosocial independent aspects show what contributing to heart disease risk? (2)

A

depression and social isolation

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16
Q

What co occurs often with depression?

A

diabetes

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17
Q

Diabetes and depression are though to share what?

A

a range of biological, psychological, social, economic and cultural determinants

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18
Q

People with diabetes are also likely to have what? (4)

A
  1. heart disease
  2. heart attack
  3. stroke
  4. high blood pressure
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19
Q

What causes almost 60% of death of those with diabetes?

A

coronary heart disease

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20
Q

People with diabetes are almost 2-3 times more likely to also have what?

A

coronary heart disease, higher mortality from heart disease

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21
Q

What does coronary heart disease predicts?

A

cognitive impairment or dementia

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22
Q

Which countries have better detection of chronic conditions?

A

China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa

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23
Q

Which country has one of the highest cardiovascular disease mortality rates in the world?

A

Finland

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24
Q

In a demonstration program which aimed at reducing risk factors in cardiovascular disease in Finland, using multiple strategies (e.g media etc) had what results?

A

Risk factors levels were greatly reduced over the 30 year saturation of messaging.

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25
Q

The Stanford community studies in the US aimed to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors including fat intake, using media mass messaging found what?

A

Reduced fat content of 25g per day

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26
Q

The Kerala Diabetes prevention program aimed at reducing high risks for diabetes in India using intervention programs and community activities had what outcome?

A

reduction of risk with intervention, alcohol reduction, greater intake fo fruit and vegetables, physical functioning. The main reduction was due to a reduction in tobacco use.

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27
Q

11 reviews evaluated smart phone interventions to promote individually tailored and self monitoring feedback and communication on specific health behaviours. What were the results?

A

short to medium term evidence of effectiveness for reducing BMI and increasing and maintaining physical activity,

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28
Q

Computer based internet interventions often deliver mostly what?

A

patient self-management programs/hea;th online coaching for health care advice

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29
Q

What did reviews of computer based interventions find?

A

That programs in health supported setting showed better chronic illness clinical outcomes

30
Q

7 reviews using internet interventions to promote change in health behaviours feature what?

A

-information
-monitoring individual feedback with messages
-access to expert advice
all found successful

31
Q

Reviews on tele-heath interventions (monitoring and transmission of psychological data, assessment of health symptoms) found what?

A

reduced rates of mortality hospitalisations, reduced BMI and weight, reduced smoking, medication adherence, increased quality of life by 66% of reviews etc.

32
Q

What are 4 issues with ICT related interventions?

A
  1. program design using new technologies
  2. evaluation and research issues
  3. usability, sustainability and uptake of programs
  4. context and systems
33
Q

Why is using new technologies a problem for ICT intervention design?

A

small sample size, participants mostly have higher income, poor usability and retention

34
Q

Why is evaluation and research issues a problem with ICT intervention?

A

poor evaluation of user perceptions, low retention, new technology but old measurement mthods

35
Q

Why is usability, sustainability and uptake of programs an issue for ICT interventions?

A

lack of long term follow up, low sustainability, lack of economic evaluation

36
Q

Why is context and systems a problem for ICT interventions?

A

rapid technological advancements, market saturation, lack of accountability for program finding, delivery and quality control

37
Q

What predicts negative outcomes in physical exercise and quality of life in coronary heart disease patients?

A
  • older
  • unemployed
  • lower self-confidence
  • sedentary
38
Q

negative mental health related quality of life in coronary heart disease patients is often predicted by what?

A
  • younger people
  • lower baseline mental health
  • depressed
  • sedentary
  • lower social support
39
Q

What did a review about the prevalence, intervention effects and associations in depression and heart failure found what? (2)

A
  • depression was present in heart failure patients in at least 1 in 5
  • relationship between depression and poor heart failure outcomes is strong
40
Q

What did a review of the relationship between social support and heart disease find?

A
  • low social support predicts 1 year mortality following an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
  • low social support is equivalent to other risk factors (e.g smoking)
41
Q

Can anger and hostility predict mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with heart disease?

42
Q

Benefit finding after a heart attack led to what?

A

physical activity, healthier living, stress reduction

43
Q

Non-benefits finding after a heart attack found what?

A

more anxiety, restricted lifestyle, and burden

44
Q

What works in behaviour change interventions for heart disease patients?

A

providing educational information and goal setting. Small but significant effects were found. While they didn’t reduce risk, it reduced mortality

45
Q

What are some limitations for heart diseas interventions? (2)

A
  1. need to address depression as it is a common comorbid disease
  2. need to address self-management
    need more research looking at why there is a link between depression and heart disease
46
Q

What are some psychological attributes with superior outcomes of coronary heart disease?

A

optimism -evidence for direct and in direct effect (indirect is stronger)

47
Q

What does not predict a lifestyle change after a heart disease effect?

A

-behavioural intentions

48
Q

What are the benefits of action planning in changing health behaviour ?

A

can help initiate action by deciding when, where and how to act

49
Q

What are the benefits of coping planning in changing health behaviour ?

A

Can help a person to overcome obstacles and cope with difficulties by anticipating situations that put intended behaviour at risk

50
Q

What did a study find about action planning and heart disease patients?

A

That is was more influential early in the rehabilitation process

51
Q

What did a study find about coping planning and heart disease patients? (2)

A
  1. more instrumental later on the the rehabilitations process
  2. people with higher levels after discharge were more likely to be healthy later on
52
Q

What does SMART goals stand for?

A 
S specific
M measurable 
A acheivable 
R relevant 
T time based
53
Q

What were the outcomes of using SMART goals through heart disease intervention?

A

There were significant benefits for social and mental functioning of life. Also engaged in healthy behaviours

54
Q

How to we assess someones weight?

A

BMI

weight in kg divided by height in metres square

55
Q

If a BMI is between 25 and 29 they are considered as what?

A

overweight

56
Q

If a BMI is between 30 and 40 they are considered as what?

57
Q

If a BMI is 40 plus they are considered as what?

A

very obese

58
Q

obesity is now on rise where?

A

in low income countries especially in urban cities

59
Q

Which is the most obese country?

60
Q

Between 2-14 and 2015, how many of Australian adults are obese?

A

two thirds

61
Q

WHO will works with governments to reduce inactivity by how much in 2030?

62
Q

What does evidence suggest for behavioural approaches to weight management?

A

calorie counting, contacting a dietician, using behaviour change techniques that compare participants with others are associated with greater weight loss

63
Q

What does evidence for school based interventions for weight loos show?

A

Making them enjoyable are generally affective

64
Q

What are the effects of mindfulness for weight loss training in overweight and obese adults.

A

No significant effects for weight loss. Short term effectiveness for reducing impulsive and binge eating

65
Q

What are some psychosocial factors which predict better maintenance after weight loss intervention? (4)

A
  1. self-motivation
    2 .self efficacy
  2. self regulation skills
  3. positive body image
66
Q

What does setting have to do with exercise?

A

That is matters. Most successful interventions are likely to be those which incorporate the individuals work/home environment

67
Q

How does ‘built’ exercise environment predict?

A

increased physical activity in the community

68
Q

What is the diabetes prevention program?

A

an array of behavioural techniques
lifestyle coaches
ongoing intervention with personalised maintenance sessions

69
Q

What did a study on the diabetes prevention program show?

A

Participants had a delay to the development in diabetes.

70
Q

What did the ‘look ahead’ action study with diabetes find?

A

Intensive lifestyle intervention with participants who had diabetes, found great
significant weight loss

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