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ANAT3004 LECTURES > WEEK 8 - EYE > Flashcards

WEEK 8 - EYE Flashcards

1
Q

What does the bony orbit of the eye house

A

eyeball, extra-oricular muscles, lacrimal gland, periorbital fat, nerves and blood vessels

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2
Q

what is the bony orbit lined with

A

orbital periosteum and filled with orbital fascia - coarsely loculated fat

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3
Q

list the seven bones that contribute to the bony orbit

A
  • frontal
  • zygomatic
  • maxilla
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • lacrimal
  • palatine
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4
Q

bone of the roof of the orbit

A

frontal and lesser wing of sphenoid

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4
Q

bones of the floor of the orbit

A

maxilla, zygomatic and palatine

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5
Q

bone of the medial wall of the orbit

A

maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid body

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6
Q

bones of the lateral wall of the lateral wall of the orbit

A

zygomatic
greater wing of sphenoid

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7
Q

list the seven muscles of the extrinsic eye muscles that move the eyeball within the bony orbit

A
  • four recti > superior, inferior, medial and lateral
  • two oblique > superior and inferior
    LEVATOR PALEBRAE SUPRIORIS (ELEVATES UPPER EYELID)
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8
Q

what are the extrinsic eye muscles innervated by

A

oculomotor nerve
except for superior oblique > trochlear nerve

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9
Q

function of levator palpebrae superioris

A

elevates the upper eyelid
frontal nerve is superior to LPS in orbit

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10
Q

where do recti muscles insert into

A

SCLERA about 6mm behind cornea and anterior to equator of eyeball

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11
Q

where do all recti muscles arise from

A

tendinious ring around optic nerve

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12
Q

what does the lateral rectus have an addition of

A

additional head that originates from lateral margin of superior orbital fissure

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13
Q

where does the superior oblique muscle originate from

A

body of sphenoid

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14
Q

where does the inferior oblique muscle arises from

A

orbital surface of maxilla lateral to nasolacrimal groove

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15
Q

where are lacrimal glands located

A

superolateral orbit
some in eyelid lateral to tarsal plate between conjuctiva and palpebral fascia

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16
Q

what do lacrimal glands secrete

A

serous products under the control of the facial PNS fibers that hitchhike on the lacrimal gland

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17
Q

what do tears contain

A
  • serous secretion
  • mucus secretion
  • sebaceous secretion
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18
Q

where do tears drain from

A

into the medial corner of the eye and from there via lacrimal puncta into lacrimal canaliculi and lacrimal sac and ultimately into the nasolacrimal duct

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19
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct drains into

A

inferior nasal meatus of nasal cavity

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20
Q

where does the tendon of levator palpebrae superioris insert into

A

upper eyelid

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21
Q

list the three layers of the eyeball

A
  • fibrous layer
  • vascular layer , uvea
  • neural layer
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22
Q

what is within the fibrous layer of the ey

A

sclera and cornea

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23
Q

what is within the vascular layer of the eye

A

choroid, ciliary body and iris

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24
Q

what is within the neural layer of the eye

A

retina

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25
Q

which component of the eye is the main refractive appartus of the eye and functions to focus light onto retins

A

cornea

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26
Q

what does the cornea continue as posteriorly

A

sclera

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27
Q

list the three parts of uvea

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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28
Q

list the two parts of the retina

A

sensory retina
non sensory retina

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29
Q

how many layers does sensory retina have

A

10

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30
Q

what does non sensory retina forms

A
  • posterior part of the ciliary body and iris
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31
Q

what is the junction with non sensory retina of ciliary body

A

ora serrata

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32
Q

where is the pigmented epithelium of sensory retina

A

rods and cones

33
Q

what are the other layers of sensory retina

A

bipolar and ganglion cells
involved in transmitting signal from photoreceptors to optic nerve

34
Q

what is the optic disc

A

special region of the sensory retina at the site of the entry of optic nerve

35
Q

what is macula/fovea

A

region adjacent to the optic disc where all elements of the retina except cones are reduced = region of greatest visual acuity

36
Q

what does the iris control

A

amount of light entering the eye through pupil

37
Q

what does the anterior and posterior part of iris consists of

A
  • anterior > uvea
  • posterior > non sensory retina
38
Q

what can the iris do

A

contract and dilate

39
Q

how does contractin in iris occur via

A

circular muscle > pupillary sphincter around pupil that is controlled by parasympathetic fibrs of oculomotor region

40
Q

how does dilation in iris occur via

A
  • radial muscles (pupillary dilator) controlled from sympatheric fibers
41
Q

what is the lens tethered to

A

ciliary body by zonular fibers

42
Q

what is the lens covered by

A

acellular capsule

43
Q

how many cell layers thick is the lens

A

2 cell layers

44
Q

what does the anterior layer of the lens consist of

A

cuboidal epithelial cells

45
Q

what does the posterior layer of the lens consist of

A

elongated cells

46
Q

what does the ciliary body consist of

A
  • ciliary body
  • ciliary processes
47
Q

what is the ciliary body for

A

accomodation for far and near visionj

48
Q

what does the ciliary processes produces

A

aqueous humour

49
Q

what does the ciliary processes consists of

A

uvea anteriorly
non-sensory retina posteriorly

50
Q

how does ciliary body accomodate for near vision

A

sphincter of ciliary body contracts > resulting in less tension on zonular fibres and LESS pull > lens rounds out

51
Q

how does ciliary body accomodate for far vision

A

sphincter of ciliary body relaxes > more tension on zonular fibres, MORE pull on lenses > flattens the lens

52
Q

list the segments of the chambers

A

anterior and posterior segments

53
Q

list the two humours

A
  • aqueous humour
  • vitreous humour
54
Q

where is aqueous humour produced in

A

folds of ciliary body and transported into posterior chamber, passes through pupil into anterior chamber

55
Q

where does the aqueous chamber drain via

A

drains from eye via scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm) and from there into venous system while the remaining 20% drains into the uveoscleral ang;e

56
Q

what does the vitreous humour fill up

A

vitreous chamber behind the lens

57
Q

list the contents in the refractive media

A

cornea
aqueous humour
lens
vitreous body

58
Q

what does optic nerve innervate

A

vision

59
Q

what does oculomotor innervate

A

most extrinsic eye muscles except for superior oblique and lateral rectus

60
Q

what does trochlear nerve innervate

A

superior obliquew

61
Q

what does abducens nerve innervate

A

lateral rectus muscle

62
Q

what does the maxillary nerve pass into orbit as

A

infraorbital nerve

63
Q

where does oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic and abducens nerve pass through

A

cavernous sinus along with internal carotid artery which carry sympathetic plexus

64
Q

what does the optic nerve contain predominantly

A

sensory nerves afferents to the brain

65
Q

where does the optic nerve pass across

A

inner surface of the retina and through the optic disc to become the optic nerve

66
Q

what else does the optic nerve contain

A

efferent (motor) Fibres that play a role in light adaptation and reflex

67
Q

ciliary parasympathetic ganglions are innervated by

A

oculomotor nerve which is connected to the inferior division via small connecting branch

68
Q

what is ciliary ganglion connected to

A

nasociliary ganglions via sensory root

69
Q

where is ciliary ganglion located

A

lateral region of orbit ~1cm anterior to the tendinuous ring surrounding optic nerve

70
Q

what does trochlear nerve supply

A

superior oblique muscles
superior border of superior oblique muscle

71
Q

what does abducen nerve supply

A

lateral rectus muscle

72
Q

where does ophthalmic nerve pass through

A

superior orbital fissure

73
Q

list the terminal branches of ophthalmic nerve

A

LATERAL TO MEDIAL
lacrimal
frontal
nasocilliarey

74
Q

what does lacrimal nerve supply

A

sensory to lacrimal gland and skin

75
Q

where does frontal nerve pass

A

over LPS and divides into two cutanoues brnaches

76
Q

list the two cutaneous branches of LPS

A

supratrochlear
supraorbital

77
Q

what does nasociliary nerve gives rise to

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

78
Q

where does parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres pass through

A

sclera to reach iris and ciliary body

79
Q

purpose of parasympathetic innervation

A

contract sphincters of pupils and ciliary body

80
Q
A

ANAT3004 LECTURES (12 decks)

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