WEEK 4 - NECK Flashcards
1
Q
how many cervical vertebraes are there
A
7
2
Q
which cervical vertebraes are atypical
A
C1 (ATLAS) and c2 (axis)
3
Q
what is a typical cervical vertebrae
A
- transverse foramen for vertebral artery and vein are definitive
4
Q
features of C1 atlas
A
- no body
- no spinous process
- anterior and posterior tubercle
- groove for vertebral artery
5
Q
features of c2 axis
A
body and dense
6
Q
where is the zygapophyseal joint located
A
between articular facets
7
Q
what type of joint is ZYGAPOPHYSEAL joint
A
- synovial joints that allow for motion of vertebral spine
8
Q
intervertebral disc function
A
- provides cushioning to reduce stress of impact, protects nerves, allow movement
9
Q
what does the intervertebral disc consist of
A
- central nucleus pulposis and peripheral annulus fibrosis
10
Q
where does the vertebral artery run through
A
- runs upwards through transverse foramen of C6 C1
11
Q
where does vertebral artery passes behind
A
superior articular process of C1 and sits in a groove above posterior arch, before entering foramen magnum
12
Q
what do the two vertebral arteries anastomose to form
A
BASILAR ARTERY at the base of the pons
13
Q
where does the basilar artery lie
A
clivus
14
Q
what does the basilar artery supply and form
A
circle of willis
15
Q
does hyoid bone articulate with other bones
A
no
16
Q
what is hyoid bone important for
A
muscle attachments
17
Q
what is hyoid bone attached to
A
- supra and infrahyoid muscles
- middle pharyngeal constrictors
- thyrohyoid membrane
stylohyoid ligament - intermediate tendon of digastric
18
Q
1 superficial muscle of the neck
A
platysma
19
Q
what type of muscle is platysma
A
subcutaneous muscle
20
Q
where does the platysma muscle cover
A
- anterior neck and sternocleidomastoid muscle
21
Q
why is platysma considered a facial expression muscle
A
closely associated with and inserts into the skin
22
Q
where do fibres of platysma extend
A
all the way from the lower face to upper thorax
23
Q
function of platysma
A
wrinkles the neck, depresses lip and mandible
24
Q
innervation of platysma
A
facial nerve
25
2nd superficial muscle of the neck
sternocleidomastoid
26
attachment of sternocleidosmastoid
from manubrium of sternum and medial third of clavicle to mastoid process
27
function of sternocleidomastoid
tilts and rotates the head (Single) flexes head and raises sternum (paired)
28
superficial relationship of sternocleidomastoid
external jugular vein, cutaneoous nerves of neck
29
deep relationship of sternocleidomastoid
acessory nerve, intermediate tendon of omohyoid
30
innervation of sternocleidomastoid
motor: spinal accessory nerve
sensory: cervical ventral rami
31
supply and drainage of sternocleidomastoid
arterial: occipital and other small branches of external carotid
venous; Internal jugular
32
3rd superficial muscle of neck
trapezius
33
attachment of trapezius muscle
external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line to ligamentum nuchae
spinous process of t12, clavicle and acromion of scapula
34
function of trapezius
moves shoulder and scapula extends the head
35
innervation of trapezius
motor: spinal accessory nerve
sensory: cervical ventral rami
36
supply and drainage of trapezius
arterial: branches of thyrocervical trunk
venous: external jugular
37
suprahyoid muscles
- digastric
- stylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- mylohyoid
38
infrahyoid muscles
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
-sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
39
digastric muscle anterior belly
digastric fossa to intermediate tendon
40
posterior belly of digastric muscle
- mastoid notch to intermediate tendon
innervated: facial nerve
41
intermediate tendon of digastric
attached to hyoid bone via a facial sling
42
what is found deep to intermediate tendon of digastric
hypoglossal nerve
43
function of digastric
depresses mandible
elevated hyoid
44
stylohyoid muscle attachment
styloid process to hyoid bone
45
innervation of stylohyoid muscle
facial nerve
46
function of stylohyoid muscle
pulls hyoid bone upwards and backwards
elevates tongue
47
geniohyoid muscle attachment
inferior mental spine to body of hyoid bone
48
geniohyoid innervation
cervical ventral rami
49
function of geniohyoid
pulls hyoid up and forwards to assist with coordination of movements required for swallowing and voice production
50
relationship of geniohyoid
superior and deep to mylohyoid muscle
51
mylohyoid muscle attachment
mylohyoid line of mandible to body of hyoid bone
52
innervation of mylohyoid muscle
mylohyoid nerve
53
function of mylohyoid
depresses mandible
raises the floor of the mouth at the beginning of swallowing
54
relationship of mylohyoid
inferior to geniohyoid muscle
55
superior belly of omohyoid
hypoid to intermediate tendon
56
intermediate tendon of omohyoid
attached to clavicle via a fascial sling
57
inferior belly of omohyoid
intermediate tendon to upper border of scapula
58
innervation of omohyoid
cervical ventral rami including ansa cervicalis and parts of hypoglossal nerve
59
function of omohyoid muscle
depresses hyoid
tenses deep fascia to aid with prolonged inspiration
60
what is sternothyroid and thyrohyoid deep to
sternohyoid muscle
61
attachment of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
oblique line of thyroid cartilage of larynx
62
innervation of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
ansa cervicalis
63
function of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynz
64
what is the stylohyoid muscle perforated by
intermediate tendon of digastric above hyoid (facial nerve)
65
stylopharyngeus penetrates what
pharynx between superior and middle constrictor muscles
glossopharyngeal nerve
66
styloglossus muscle
styloid process to side of tongue
hypoglossal nerve
67
stylomandibular ligament
from styloid process to posterior border of ramuus and angle of mandible
68
what does stylomandibular ligament limit
mandibular movement
prevents excessive opening
69
sphenomandibular ligament
from spine to sphenoid to lingula of mandible
70
muscles in the floor of posterior triangle
- splenius capitus
- levator scapulae
- scalene muscles
71
brachial plexus supplies what
- chest, shoulder, arm, forearm and hand
72
what is brachial plexus formed by
- ventral rami of C5,C6,C7,C8 and T1
73
Where is brachial plexus found between
scalenus medius and anterior
74
scalenus anterior
transverse processes of C3-C6 to 1st rib between grooves for subclavian artery and vein
phrenic nerve is anterolateral
75
scalenus medius
transverse processes of C2-C7 to 1st rib
- behind groove for subclavian artery
- brachial plexus passes anterior to it
76
scalenus posterior
transverse processes of c5-c7 TO 2ND RIB
posterior part of scalenus medius
77
functions of scalenus muscles
- elevate rib
lateral flexes of necki
78
innervation of scalene muscles
cervical ventral rami
79
list the prevertebral muscles
- longus colli (medial)
- longus capitus (anterolateral)
- rectus capitus anterior
- rectus capitus lateral
80
function of prevertebral muscles
all flex neck and head on neck
81
innervation of prevertebral muscles
cervical ventral rami
82
cranial root of accessory nerve arises from
medulla
83
spinal root of accessory nerve arises from
cervical spinal cord, travels up foramen magnum into posterior cranial fossa
84
cranial root joins vagus where
at superior vagal ganglion (jugular ganglion) and supplies voluntary motor fibres to pharynx, larynx and soft palate
85
where does spinal root passes
deep to and supplies sternocleidomastoid muscle
-crosses posterior triangle and supplies upper trapezius
86
what do mixed spinal nerves contain
- sensory
- motor
- autonomic fibres
87
what does small dorsal ramus supplu
cutaneous
88
what does larger ventral ramus supply
muscle (deep)
89
how many cervical pairs are there
8
90
what do ventral rami form
plexus - cervical plexus, brachial plexus, phrenic nerve
91
where do cutaneous (sensory) branches of cervical plexus emerge from
- behind midpoint of sternocleidomastoid
92
where do cutaneous sensory branches of cervical plexus cross from
superiorly or anteriosuperiorly except for supraclavicular branch which descends inferiorly towards clavicle
93
what does lesser occipital suppl
skin of scapl posterior to auricle
94
what does greater auricle supply
supplies skin over mastoid, auricle, parotid. also sensory innervation of parotid
95
what does transverse nerve of neck supply
skin of anterolateral neck
96
what does supraclavicular supply
skin over clavicle, upper thorax skin of upper and posterior shoulder
97
what does hypoglossal nerve supply
motor to most muscles of the tongue (styloglossus, hypoglossus and genioglossus)
98
fibres of hypoglossal nerve
fibres from C1 cervical ventral ramus which either branch off to form superior root of ansa cervicalis or continue to supply geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles
99
where is hypoglossal nerve found
deep to intermediate tendon of digastric muscle
100
what is ansa cervicalis
a cervical plexus nerve loop taht sits on the. neck
101
location of ansa cervicalis
superficial to carotid sheath and internal jugular vein
deep to sternocleidomastoid
102
what does ansa cervicalis innervate
most of the infrahyoid muscles (except thyrohyid and geniohyoid)
103
What is superior root formed by in ansa cervicalis
ccervical spinal nerve ofC
104
