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ANAT3004 LECTURES > WEEK 4 - NECK > Flashcards

WEEK 4 - NECK Flashcards

1
Q

how many cervical vertebraes are there

A

7

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2
Q

which cervical vertebraes are atypical

A

C1 (ATLAS) and c2 (axis)

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3
Q

what is a typical cervical vertebrae

A
  • transverse foramen for vertebral artery and vein are definitive
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4
Q

features of C1 atlas

A
  • no body
  • no spinous process
  • anterior and posterior tubercle
  • groove for vertebral artery
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5
Q

features of c2 axis

A

body and dense

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6
Q

where is the zygapophyseal joint located

A

between articular facets

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7
Q

what type of joint is ZYGAPOPHYSEAL joint

A
  • synovial joints that allow for motion of vertebral spine
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8
Q

intervertebral disc function

A
  • provides cushioning to reduce stress of impact, protects nerves, allow movement
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9
Q

what does the intervertebral disc consist of

A
  • central nucleus pulposis and peripheral annulus fibrosis
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10
Q

where does the vertebral artery run through

A
  • runs upwards through transverse foramen of C6 C1
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11
Q

where does vertebral artery passes behind

A

superior articular process of C1 and sits in a groove above posterior arch, before entering foramen magnum

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12
Q

what do the two vertebral arteries anastomose to form

A

BASILAR ARTERY at the base of the pons

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13
Q

where does the basilar artery lie

A

clivus

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14
Q

what does the basilar artery supply and form

A

circle of willis

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15
Q

does hyoid bone articulate with other bones

A

no

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16
Q

what is hyoid bone important for

A

muscle attachments

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17
Q

what is hyoid bone attached to

A
  • supra and infrahyoid muscles
  • middle pharyngeal constrictors
  • thyrohyoid membrane
    stylohyoid ligament
  • intermediate tendon of digastric
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18
Q

1 superficial muscle of the neck

A

platysma

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19
Q

what type of muscle is platysma

A

subcutaneous muscle

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20
Q

where does the platysma muscle cover

A
  • anterior neck and sternocleidomastoid muscle
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21
Q

why is platysma considered a facial expression muscle

A

closely associated with and inserts into the skin

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22
Q

where do fibres of platysma extend

A

all the way from the lower face to upper thorax

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23
Q

function of platysma

A

wrinkles the neck, depresses lip and mandible

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24
Q

innervation of platysma

A

facial nerve

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25
Q

2nd superficial muscle of the neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

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26
Q

attachment of sternocleidosmastoid

A

from manubrium of sternum and medial third of clavicle to mastoid process

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27
Q

function of sternocleidomastoid

A

tilts and rotates the head (Single) flexes head and raises sternum (paired)

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28
Q

superficial relationship of sternocleidomastoid

A

external jugular vein, cutaneoous nerves of neck

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29
Q

deep relationship of sternocleidomastoid

A

acessory nerve, intermediate tendon of omohyoid

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30
Q

innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

motor: spinal accessory nerve
sensory: cervical ventral rami

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31
Q

supply and drainage of sternocleidomastoid

A

arterial: occipital and other small branches of external carotid
venous; Internal jugular

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32
Q

3rd superficial muscle of neck

A

trapezius

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33
Q

attachment of trapezius muscle

A

external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line to ligamentum nuchae
spinous process of t12, clavicle and acromion of scapula

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34
Q

function of trapezius

A

moves shoulder and scapula extends the head

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35
Q

innervation of trapezius

A

motor: spinal accessory nerve
sensory: cervical ventral rami

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36
Q

supply and drainage of trapezius

A

arterial: branches of thyrocervical trunk
venous: external jugular

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37
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A
  • digastric
  • stylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • mylohyoid
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38
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
    -sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
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39
Q

digastric muscle anterior belly

A

digastric fossa to intermediate tendon

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40
Q

posterior belly of digastric muscle

A
  • mastoid notch to intermediate tendon
    innervated: facial nerve
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41
Q

intermediate tendon of digastric

A

attached to hyoid bone via a facial sling

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42
Q

what is found deep to intermediate tendon of digastric

A

hypoglossal nerve

43
Q

function of digastric

A

depresses mandible
elevated hyoid

44
Q

stylohyoid muscle attachment

A

styloid process to hyoid bone

45
Q

innervation of stylohyoid muscle

A

facial nerve

46
Q

function of stylohyoid muscle

A

pulls hyoid bone upwards and backwards
elevates tongue

47
Q

geniohyoid muscle attachment

A

inferior mental spine to body of hyoid bone

48
Q

geniohyoid innervation

A

cervical ventral rami

49
Q

function of geniohyoid

A

pulls hyoid up and forwards to assist with coordination of movements required for swallowing and voice production

50
Q

relationship of geniohyoid

A

superior and deep to mylohyoid muscle

51
Q

mylohyoid muscle attachment

A

mylohyoid line of mandible to body of hyoid bone

52
Q

innervation of mylohyoid muscle

A

mylohyoid nerve

53
Q

function of mylohyoid

A

depresses mandible
raises the floor of the mouth at the beginning of swallowing

54
Q

relationship of mylohyoid

A

inferior to geniohyoid muscle

55
Q

superior belly of omohyoid

A

hypoid to intermediate tendon

56
Q

intermediate tendon of omohyoid

A

attached to clavicle via a fascial sling

57
Q

inferior belly of omohyoid

A

intermediate tendon to upper border of scapula

58
Q

innervation of omohyoid

A

cervical ventral rami including ansa cervicalis and parts of hypoglossal nerve

59
Q

function of omohyoid muscle

A

depresses hyoid
tenses deep fascia to aid with prolonged inspiration

60
Q

what is sternothyroid and thyrohyoid deep to

A

sternohyoid muscle

61
Q

attachment of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage of larynx

62
Q

innervation of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis

63
Q

function of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

A

elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynz

64
Q

what is the stylohyoid muscle perforated by

A

intermediate tendon of digastric above hyoid (facial nerve)

65
Q

stylopharyngeus penetrates what

A

pharynx between superior and middle constrictor muscles
glossopharyngeal nerve

66
Q

styloglossus muscle

A

styloid process to side of tongue
hypoglossal nerve

67
Q

stylomandibular ligament

A

from styloid process to posterior border of ramuus and angle of mandible

68
Q

what does stylomandibular ligament limit

A

mandibular movement
prevents excessive opening

69
Q

sphenomandibular ligament

A

from spine to sphenoid to lingula of mandible

70
Q

muscles in the floor of posterior triangle

A
  • splenius capitus
  • levator scapulae
  • scalene muscles
71
Q

brachial plexus supplies what

A
  • chest, shoulder, arm, forearm and hand
72
Q

what is brachial plexus formed by

A
  • ventral rami of C5,C6,C7,C8 and T1
73
Q

Where is brachial plexus found between

A

scalenus medius and anterior

74
Q

scalenus anterior

A

transverse processes of C3-C6 to 1st rib between grooves for subclavian artery and vein
phrenic nerve is anterolateral

75
Q

scalenus medius

A

transverse processes of C2-C7 to 1st rib
- behind groove for subclavian artery
- brachial plexus passes anterior to it

76
Q

scalenus posterior

A

transverse processes of c5-c7 TO 2ND RIB
posterior part of scalenus medius

77
Q

functions of scalenus muscles

A
  • elevate rib
    lateral flexes of necki
78
Q

innervation of scalene muscles

A

cervical ventral rami

79
Q

list the prevertebral muscles

A
  • longus colli (medial)
  • longus capitus (anterolateral)
  • rectus capitus anterior
  • rectus capitus lateral
80
Q

function of prevertebral muscles

A

all flex neck and head on neck

81
Q

innervation of prevertebral muscles

A

cervical ventral rami

82
Q

cranial root of accessory nerve arises from

A

medulla

83
Q

spinal root of accessory nerve arises from

A

cervical spinal cord, travels up foramen magnum into posterior cranial fossa

84
Q

cranial root joins vagus where

A

at superior vagal ganglion (jugular ganglion) and supplies voluntary motor fibres to pharynx, larynx and soft palate

85
Q

where does spinal root passes

A

deep to and supplies sternocleidomastoid muscle
-crosses posterior triangle and supplies upper trapezius

86
Q

what do mixed spinal nerves contain

A
  • sensory
  • motor
  • autonomic fibres
87
Q

what does small dorsal ramus supplu

A

cutaneous

88
Q

what does larger ventral ramus supply

A

muscle (deep)

89
Q

how many cervical pairs are there

A

8

90
Q

what do ventral rami form

A

plexus - cervical plexus, brachial plexus, phrenic nerve

91
Q

where do cutaneous (sensory) branches of cervical plexus emerge from

A
  • behind midpoint of sternocleidomastoid
92
Q

where do cutaneous sensory branches of cervical plexus cross from

A

superiorly or anteriosuperiorly except for supraclavicular branch which descends inferiorly towards clavicle

93
Q

what does lesser occipital suppl

A

skin of scapl posterior to auricle

94
Q

what does greater auricle supply

A

supplies skin over mastoid, auricle, parotid. also sensory innervation of parotid

95
Q

what does transverse nerve of neck supply

A

skin of anterolateral neck

96
Q

what does supraclavicular supply

A

skin over clavicle, upper thorax skin of upper and posterior shoulder

97
Q

what does hypoglossal nerve supply

A

motor to most muscles of the tongue (styloglossus, hypoglossus and genioglossus)

98
Q

fibres of hypoglossal nerve

A

fibres from C1 cervical ventral ramus which either branch off to form superior root of ansa cervicalis or continue to supply geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles

99
Q

where is hypoglossal nerve found

A

deep to intermediate tendon of digastric muscle

100
Q

what is ansa cervicalis

A

a cervical plexus nerve loop taht sits on the. neck

101
Q

location of ansa cervicalis

A

superficial to carotid sheath and internal jugular vein
deep to sternocleidomastoid

102
Q

what does ansa cervicalis innervate

A

most of the infrahyoid muscles (except thyrohyid and geniohyoid)

103
Q

What is superior root formed by in ansa cervicalis

A

ccervical spinal nerve ofC

104
Q
A

ANAT3004 LECTURES (12 decks)

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