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ANAT3004 LECTURES > WEEK 2 - BLOOD VESSELS > Flashcards

WEEK 2 - BLOOD VESSELS Flashcards

1
Q

list the features of the arteries

A
  • systemic and pulmonary circulation
  • oxygenated blood
  • thicker walls
  • no valves apart from origin of heart
  • veins are often superficial to arteries to faciliate blood flow
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2
Q

nerves associated with arteries

A
  • muscle contraction
  • hitch hikers
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3
Q

purpose of muscle contraction

A
  • penetrate wall and are sympathetic
  • involved in contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of vessel (in skin) or dilation (skeletal muscle)
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4
Q

purpose of hitch hikers

A
  • not involved in arterial function
  • remain on outside of wall
  • can be sympathetic, parasympathetic and or sensory
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5
Q

what is an anastomosis

A
  • joint between two vessels of the same type (arteries, veins and lymph vessels)
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6
Q

list the types of anastomoses

A
  • branches of one artery opening directly into another (left and right superior labial arteries)
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7
Q

2nd type of anastomose

A
  • two arteries coming together to form a single artery (vertebral artery forming the basilar artery)
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8
Q

3rd type of anastomose

A

two arteries linked by a small connecting artery - circle of willis

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9
Q

list the branches of the arch of the aorta

A

3 branches
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery

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10
Q

brachiocephalic trunk branches into what

A
  • right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
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11
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into

A
  • right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
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12
Q

where does the right subclavian artery bifurcates into

A
  • external and internal carotid arteries
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13
Q

where does the external carotid artery branch inot

A

neck

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14
Q

where does the internal carotid artery remain

A

unbranched in the neck

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15
Q

subclavian artery branches

A

VIT-C

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16
Q

first branch of the subclavian artery branch

A

vertebral: deep, posterior and ascending
passes through: foramen transversaria of C1-C6 anf foramen magnum to form BASILLAR ARTERY to circle of willis

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17
Q

2nd branch of subclavian artery

A

internal thoracic artery: inferior, descending to thorax

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18
Q

3rd branch of subclavian artery

A
  • thyrocervical trunk: inferior thyroid artery (branch)
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19
Q

4th branch of subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk; lateral to thyrocervical trunk, to thorax and neck

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20
Q

what do the vertebral arteries anastomose to form

A
  • basilar artery (on the clivus) then participates on the circle of willis
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21
Q

what is the carotid sheath

A

thin layer of fascia (dense connective tissue) that encloses the common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

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22
Q

structures related to carotid sheath

A
  • -nerve loop supplying muscles of anterolateral neck
  • sympathetic trunk > posterior
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23
Q

how many branches does the external carotid artery have

A

8 branches
- 3 anterior
- 3 posterior
- 2 terminal branches

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24
Q

list the 3 anterior branches of ECA

A
  • superior thyroid artery
  • lingual artery
  • facial artery
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25
Q

list the 3 posterior branches of ECA

A
  • ascending pharyngeal artery
  • occipital artery
  • posterior auricular artery
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26
Q

list the 2 terminal branches of ECA

A
  • maxillary artery
  • superficial temporal artery
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27
Q

where does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur

A

laryngeal prominence (adams apple)

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28
Q

where can the posterior branches of the ECA be related to

A

posterior belly of digastric

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29
Q

location of ascending pharyngeal artery

A

inferior

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30
Q

where is occipital artery

A

deep

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31
Q

where is posterior auricular artery

A

superior

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32
Q

where does facial artery arise from

A

anterior to occipital artery

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33
Q

where is lingual artery

A

deep to the intermediate tendon of digastric muscle

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34
Q

definitive features of the anterior branch of ECA

A
  • superior thyroid artery
  • lingual artery
  • facial artery
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35
Q

features of superior thyroid artery

A
  • passes inferiorly to thyroid gland
  • deep to infrahyoid strap muscles of neck
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36
Q

features of lingual artery

A
  • passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric and submandibular gland to side of tongue
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37
Q

features of facial artery

A
  • wavy course, superficial
  • loops posterior to submandibular gland
  • passes over body of mandible (palpable, pressure point)
    supplies submandibular and sublingual glands, soft palate, tonsils and superficial face
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38
Q

what are the branches of facial artery

A
  • tonsilar, submental, superior and inferior labial arteries
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39
Q

blood supply to thyroid gland

A
  • dual blood supply
  • inferior thyroid artery from thyrocervical trunk
  • superior thyroid artery from the external carotid artery
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40
Q

posterior branches of ECA

A
  • ascending pharyngeal artery
  • occipital artery
  • posterior auricular artery
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41
Q

features of ascending pharyngeal artery

A
  • arises inferior to posterior belly of digastric
  • deep to styloid muscle
  • extra-cranial supply (pharynx, TMJ and tympanic cavity)
  • intra-cranial supply (meninges)
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42
Q

features of occipital artery

A
  • deep to posterior belly of digastric
  • branches to SCM and occiput
  • grooves temporal bone medial to mastoid/digastric notch
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43
Q

features of posterior auricular artery

A
  • arises superior to posterior belly of digastric
  • supplies parotid, auricle and occiput
44
Q

maxillary artery branches

A
  • deep auricular and anterior tympanic arteries
    supply: TMJ, tympanic membrane, middle ear
45
Q

middle meningeal artery features

A

deep, found between two roots of auriculotemporal nerve

46
Q

where does the middle meningeal artery enter skull through

A

foramen spinosum

47
Q

what does the inferior alveolar artery accompany

A

inferior alveolar nerve into mandibular foramen to supply mandible and teeth

48
Q

branches of muscles of mastication

A
  • deep temporal arteries
  • masseteric
  • pterygoids
49
Q

where does the infraorbital artery enter via

A

inferior orbital fissure

50
Q

what does the infraorbital artery give rise to

A

middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries

51
Q

where does the iNTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ARISES AT

A
  • bifurcation of the common carotid artery
52
Q

does the internal carotid artery branch of

A

no - remains unbranched in the neck

53
Q

what are the two definitive features of the internal carotid artery

A

carotid sinus
carotid body

54
Q

what does the carotid sinus contain

A

pressure receptors
blood pressure changes

55
Q

what does the carotid body contain

A

contains chemoreceptors (oxygen levels)

56
Q

where does the carotid canal and cavernous sinus pass through

A

through carotid canal and through back wall of foramen lacerum

57
Q

where does iCA travel through

A
  • through cavernous sinus
58
Q

what does ICA give rise to

A

ophthalmic artery > then joins the circle of willis to supply the brain

59
Q

where does the ophthalmic artery arise from

A

internal carotid artery near cranial opening of optic canal

60
Q

what does the ophthalmic artery accompany

A

optic nerve through the canal to supply orbit and eye

61
Q

what does ophthalmic artery branches into

A
  • supraorbital and
  • supratrochlear artery
62
Q

where does the branches of ophthalmic artery exit through

A

pass across the upper rim of the orbit and exit to supply the skin and muscles of forehead

63
Q

list the features of veins

A
  • deoxygenated blood under low pressure
  • 80% of body’s blood
  • thin walled
  • anastomoses
64
Q

what is venous return faciliated through

A
  • gravity
  • muscle in walls of veins
  • external pressure
  • valves
65
Q

features of intercranial venous sinus

A
  • venous spaces within dura
  • collect blood from brain and cranial bones
  • no valves or muscles
66
Q

where does intercranial venous sinus usually drain into

A

internal jugular vein

67
Q

list the intercranial venous sinuses

A
  • superior saggital sinus
  • confluence of sinuses
  • transverse sinuses
68
Q

what is the pair of cavernous sinus called

A
  • venous plexus ~2cm long lateral to pituitary fossa in the middle cranial fossa
69
Q

what is cavernous sinus connected to

A
  • dural sinuses, ophthalmic veins and pterygoid venous plexus via emissary veins
70
Q

what does travelling through the sinus include

A
  • internal carotid
    artery
71
Q

what two veins make the retromandibular vein

A
  • superficial temporal vein
  • maxillary vein
72
Q

what does damage of CN VI cause

A
  • abducen nerve
    thrombosis in cavernous sinus
73
Q

what does the superficial temporal and maxillary vein drain

A

pterygoid venous plexus

74
Q

where does the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein (retromandibular) form within

A

parotid gland

75
Q

within the parotid gland, what does the retromandibular divide into

A

posterior and anterior branches

76
Q

what is the anterior branch and facial vein tributaries of

A

common facial vein > internal jugular vein

77
Q

what are the posterior branch and the posterior auricular branch tributaries of

A

external jugular vein

78
Q

what is the facial vein formed by

A
  • confluence of the supraorbtal and supratrochlear veins
79
Q

where does the drainage of the anterior maxilla and mandible occur

A

facial vein

80
Q

where does drainage of the posterior maxilla and mandible occur

A

pterygoid venous plexus

81
Q

what is occipital vein tributary of

A

posterior auricular vein

82
Q

what is the pterygoid venous plexus

A

a deep network of fine veins between temporalis and pterygoid muscle

83
Q

where does the pterygoid venous plexus receives blood from

A

many adjacent larger deep veins
= sphenopalatine, deep temporals, muscles of mastication, palatine
and meningeal

84
Q

where does pterygoid venous plexus drain into

A
  • maxillary vein
  • cavernous sinus
  • deep facial vein to facial vein
85
Q

where does deep facial vein drains

A
  • buccinator
  • zygomatic major
  • masseter
86
Q

what does the deep facial vein connect

A

pterygoid venous plexus and facial vein

87
Q

list the structures within parotid gland

A

from superficial to deep:
- facial nerve, retromandibular vein, external carotid artery

88
Q

what does the parotid gland also contain

A
  • greater auricular nerve and auriculotemporal nerve via glossopharyngeal nerve
89
Q

list the types of jugular veins

A
  • anterior
  • internal
  • external
90
Q

where is anterior jugular vein found

A
  • found in the superficial neck/submandibularh
91
Q

what is the anterior jugular vein tributary of

A

external jugular vein or subclavian vein

92
Q

what is external jugular vein superficial to

A
  • sternocleidomastoid muscle
93
Q

what is external jugular vein tributary of

A

subclavian vein

94
Q

what is internal jugular vein deep to

A

SCM

95
Q

what is internal jugular vein tributary of

A

brachiocephalic vein
- facial
- lingual
- pharyngeal
- middle and superior thyroid veins

96
Q

what are internal jugular veins and subclavian veins tributaries of

A
  • brachiocephalic veins > tributaries of > SVC
97
Q

What does external jugular vein, vertebral vein, and anterior jugular vein form tributaries of

A

subclavian veins

98
Q

inferior thryoid veins and internal thoracic vein are tributarues if

A

brachiocephalic veins

99
Q

where is subclavian vein found anterior to

A

scalenus anterior and subclavian artery on rib 1

100
Q

what are middle and superior thyroid veins are tributaries of

A

internal jugular veins

101
Q

what are paired inferior thyroid vein tributaries of

A

brachiocephalic vein

102
Q

what does the vertebral artery anastomose to form

A

basilar artery on the clivus

103
Q

carotid sheath features

A

internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

104
Q

facial vein is formed by the confluence of what

A

supratrochlear vein and supraorbital vein

105
Q

parotid gland structures from superficial to deep

A

facial artery
retromandibular vein
eca

106
Q
A

ANAT3004 LECTURES (12 decks)

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