WEEK 2 - BLOOD VESSELS Flashcards
1
Q
list the features of the arteries
A
- systemic and pulmonary circulation
- oxygenated blood
- thicker walls
- no valves apart from origin of heart
- veins are often superficial to arteries to faciliate blood flow
2
Q
nerves associated with arteries
A
- muscle contraction
- hitch hikers
3
Q
purpose of muscle contraction
A
- penetrate wall and are sympathetic
- involved in contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of vessel (in skin) or dilation (skeletal muscle)
4
Q
purpose of hitch hikers
A
- not involved in arterial function
- remain on outside of wall
- can be sympathetic, parasympathetic and or sensory
5
Q
what is an anastomosis
A
- joint between two vessels of the same type (arteries, veins and lymph vessels)
6
Q
list the types of anastomoses
A
- branches of one artery opening directly into another (left and right superior labial arteries)
7
Q
2nd type of anastomose
A
- two arteries coming together to form a single artery (vertebral artery forming the basilar artery)
8
Q
3rd type of anastomose
A
two arteries linked by a small connecting artery - circle of willis
9
Q
list the branches of the arch of the aorta
A
3 branches
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
10
Q
brachiocephalic trunk branches into what
A
- right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
11
Q
what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into
A
- right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
12
Q
where does the right subclavian artery bifurcates into
A
- external and internal carotid arteries
13
Q
where does the external carotid artery branch inot
A
neck
14
Q
where does the internal carotid artery remain
A
unbranched in the neck
15
Q
subclavian artery branches
A
VIT-C
16
Q
first branch of the subclavian artery branch
A
vertebral: deep, posterior and ascending
passes through: foramen transversaria of C1-C6 anf foramen magnum to form BASILLAR ARTERY to circle of willis
17
Q
2nd branch of subclavian artery
A
internal thoracic artery: inferior, descending to thorax
18
Q
3rd branch of subclavian artery
A
- thyrocervical trunk: inferior thyroid artery (branch)
19
Q
4th branch of subclavian artery
A
costocervical trunk; lateral to thyrocervical trunk, to thorax and neck
20
Q
what do the vertebral arteries anastomose to form
A
- basilar artery (on the clivus) then participates on the circle of willis
21
Q
what is the carotid sheath
A
thin layer of fascia (dense connective tissue) that encloses the common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
22
Q
structures related to carotid sheath
A
- -nerve loop supplying muscles of anterolateral neck
- sympathetic trunk > posterior
23
Q
how many branches does the external carotid artery have
A
8 branches
- 3 anterior
- 3 posterior
- 2 terminal branches
24
Q
list the 3 anterior branches of ECA
A
- superior thyroid artery
- lingual artery
- facial artery
25
list the 3 posterior branches of ECA
- ascending pharyngeal artery
- occipital artery
- posterior auricular artery
26
list the 2 terminal branches of ECA
- maxillary artery
- superficial temporal artery
27
where does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur
laryngeal prominence (adams apple)
28
where can the posterior branches of the ECA be related to
posterior belly of digastric
29
location of ascending pharyngeal artery
inferior
30
where is occipital artery
deep
31
where is posterior auricular artery
superior
32
where does facial artery arise from
anterior to occipital artery
33
where is lingual artery
deep to the intermediate tendon of digastric muscle
34
definitive features of the anterior branch of ECA
- superior thyroid artery
- lingual artery
- facial artery
35
features of superior thyroid artery
- passes inferiorly to thyroid gland
- deep to infrahyoid strap muscles of neck
36
features of lingual artery
- passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric and submandibular gland to side of tongue
37
features of facial artery
- wavy course, superficial
- loops posterior to submandibular gland
- passes over body of mandible (palpable, pressure point)
supplies submandibular and sublingual glands, soft palate, tonsils and superficial face
38
what are the branches of facial artery
- tonsilar, submental, superior and inferior labial arteries
39
blood supply to thyroid gland
- dual blood supply
- inferior thyroid artery from thyrocervical trunk
- superior thyroid artery from the external carotid artery
40
posterior branches of ECA
- ascending pharyngeal artery
- occipital artery
- posterior auricular artery
41
features of ascending pharyngeal artery
- arises inferior to posterior belly of digastric
- deep to styloid muscle
- extra-cranial supply (pharynx, TMJ and tympanic cavity)
- intra-cranial supply (meninges)
42
features of occipital artery
- deep to posterior belly of digastric
- branches to SCM and occiput
- grooves temporal bone medial to mastoid/digastric notch
43
features of posterior auricular artery
- arises superior to posterior belly of digastric
- supplies parotid, auricle and occiput
44
maxillary artery branches
- deep auricular and anterior tympanic arteries
supply: TMJ, tympanic membrane, middle ear
45
middle meningeal artery features
deep, found between two roots of auriculotemporal nerve
46
where does the middle meningeal artery enter skull through
foramen spinosum
47
what does the inferior alveolar artery accompany
inferior alveolar nerve into mandibular foramen to supply mandible and teeth
48
branches of muscles of mastication
- deep temporal arteries
- masseteric
- pterygoids
49
where does the infraorbital artery enter via
inferior orbital fissure
50
what does the infraorbital artery give rise to
middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries
51
where does the iNTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ARISES AT
- bifurcation of the common carotid artery
52
does the internal carotid artery branch of
no - remains unbranched in the neck
53
what are the two definitive features of the internal carotid artery
carotid sinus
carotid body
54
what does the carotid sinus contain
pressure receptors
blood pressure changes
55
what does the carotid body contain
contains chemoreceptors (oxygen levels)
56
where does the carotid canal and cavernous sinus pass through
through carotid canal and through back wall of foramen lacerum
57
where does iCA travel through
- through cavernous sinus
58
what does ICA give rise to
ophthalmic artery > then joins the circle of willis to supply the brain
59
where does the ophthalmic artery arise from
internal carotid artery near cranial opening of optic canal
60
what does the ophthalmic artery accompany
optic nerve through the canal to supply orbit and eye
61
what does ophthalmic artery branches into
- supraorbital and
- supratrochlear artery
62
where does the branches of ophthalmic artery exit through
pass across the upper rim of the orbit and exit to supply the skin and muscles of forehead
63
list the features of veins
- deoxygenated blood under low pressure
- 80% of body's blood
- thin walled
- anastomoses
64
what is venous return faciliated through
- gravity
- muscle in walls of veins
- external pressure
- valves
65
features of intercranial venous sinus
- venous spaces within dura
- collect blood from brain and cranial bones
- no valves or muscles
66
where does intercranial venous sinus usually drain into
internal jugular vein
67
list the intercranial venous sinuses
- superior saggital sinus
- confluence of sinuses
- transverse sinuses
68
what is the pair of cavernous sinus called
- venous plexus ~2cm long lateral to pituitary fossa in the middle cranial fossa
69
what is cavernous sinus connected to
- dural sinuses, ophthalmic veins and pterygoid venous plexus via emissary veins
70
what does travelling through the sinus include
- internal carotid
artery
71
what two veins make the retromandibular vein
- superficial temporal vein
- maxillary vein
72
what does damage of CN VI cause
- abducen nerve
thrombosis in cavernous sinus
73
what does the superficial temporal and maxillary vein drain
pterygoid venous plexus
74
where does the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein (retromandibular) form within
parotid gland
75
within the parotid gland, what does the retromandibular divide into
posterior and anterior branches
76
what is the anterior branch and facial vein tributaries of
common facial vein > internal jugular vein
77
what are the posterior branch and the posterior auricular branch tributaries of
external jugular vein
78
what is the facial vein formed by
- confluence of the supraorbtal and supratrochlear veins
79
where does the drainage of the anterior maxilla and mandible occur
facial vein
80
where does drainage of the posterior maxilla and mandible occur
pterygoid venous plexus
81
what is occipital vein tributary of
posterior auricular vein
82
what is the pterygoid venous plexus
a deep network of fine veins between temporalis and pterygoid muscle
83
where does the pterygoid venous plexus receives blood from
many adjacent larger deep veins
= sphenopalatine, deep temporals, muscles of mastication, palatine
and meningeal
84
where does pterygoid venous plexus drain into
- maxillary vein
- cavernous sinus
- deep facial vein to facial vein
85
where does deep facial vein drains
- buccinator
- zygomatic major
- masseter
86
what does the deep facial vein connect
pterygoid venous plexus and facial vein
87
list the structures within parotid gland
from superficial to deep:
- facial nerve, retromandibular vein, external carotid artery
88
what does the parotid gland also contain
- greater auricular nerve and auriculotemporal nerve via glossopharyngeal nerve
89
list the types of jugular veins
- anterior
- internal
- external
90
where is anterior jugular vein found
- found in the superficial neck/submandibularh
91
what is the anterior jugular vein tributary of
external jugular vein or subclavian vein
92
what is external jugular vein superficial to
- sternocleidomastoid muscle
93
what is external jugular vein tributary of
subclavian vein
94
what is internal jugular vein deep to
SCM
95
what is internal jugular vein tributary of
brachiocephalic vein
- facial
- lingual
- pharyngeal
- middle and superior thyroid veins
96
what are internal jugular veins and subclavian veins tributaries of
- brachiocephalic veins > tributaries of > SVC
97
What does external jugular vein, vertebral vein, and anterior jugular vein form tributaries of
subclavian veins
98
inferior thryoid veins and internal thoracic vein are tributarues if
brachiocephalic veins
99
where is subclavian vein found anterior to
scalenus anterior and subclavian artery on rib 1
100
what are middle and superior thyroid veins are tributaries of
internal jugular veins
101
what are paired inferior thyroid vein tributaries of
brachiocephalic vein
102
what does the vertebral artery anastomose to form
basilar artery on the clivus
103
carotid sheath features
internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
104
facial vein is formed by the confluence of what
supratrochlear vein and supraorbital vein
105
parotid gland structures from superficial to deep
facial artery
retromandibular vein
eca
106
