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ANAT3004 LECTURES > WEEK 10 - LARYNX > Flashcards

WEEK 10 - LARYNX Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the larynx located

A

anterior to the pharynx, approx at levels c3-c6 (males)

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2
Q

function of larynx

A
  • respiration
  • speech/vocalisation
  • protection
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3
Q

how many cartilages in the larynx

A

7

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4
Q

what do the 7 cartilages of the larynx form

A

semi-rigid skeleton of the larynx > linked by joints and fibroelastic structures

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5
Q

name the cartilages of the thryoid

A
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • arytenoid
  • epiglottis
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
  • tritiate
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6
Q

which one of the cartilages of the larynx are paired

A
  • arytenoid
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
  • tritiate
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7
Q

what is the thyroid cartilage linked to

A
  • hyoid bone superiorly by thyrohyoid membrane
  • cricoid cartilage inferiorly by cricothryoid ligament
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8
Q

features of the thryoid cartilage

A
  • anterior lamina
  • superior and inferior horns
  • laryngeal
  • notch
  • prominence
  • oblique line
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9
Q

what is the only cartilage to encircle the larynx

A

cricoid

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10
Q

what is the cricoid cartilage attached to

A
  • thyroid cartilage anterosuperiorly by cricothryoid ligament and posteriorly by cricothryoid joint
  • artyenoid cartilage
  • trachea inferiorly
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11
Q

what is the arytenoid attached to

A
  • superior border of lamina of cricoid cartilage by synovial joint by cricoarytenoid joint
  • corniculate cartilage at apex of arytenoid by fibrous joint
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12
Q

what is the epiglottis cartilage attached to

A
  • hyoid bone > anteromedially by hypoepiglottic ligament
  • thyroid cartilage by thyroepiglottic ligament
  • arytenoid cartilage
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13
Q

function of joints

A
  • permits limited movement of cartilages with respect to each other
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14
Q

list the synovial joints in the larynx

A
  • cricothyroid joint
  • cricoarytenoid joint
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15
Q

list the internal anatomy of the larynx

A
  • inlet
  • vestibule
  • intermediate cavity
  • infraglottic cavity
  • trachea
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16
Q

where do food commonly get stuck in the pharynx

A

shallow fossae - found close to laryngeal structures

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17
Q

list the two folds

A
  • vocal folds
  • vestibule folds
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18
Q

which of the 2 folds is upper or lower

A

upper > vestibular folds
- lower > vocal folds

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19
Q

purpose of extrinsic membranes

A

connect the larynx to the adjacent structrues

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20
Q

list the extrinsic membranes

A
  • thryohyoid membrane
  • cricotracheal membrane
21
Q

where is the thyrohyoid membrane located

A
  • upper border of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bonew
22
Q

what is the thyrohyoid membrane pierced by

A

superior laryngeal nerve internal branch,
- superior thyroid artery and vein

23
Q

where is the cricotracheal membrane located

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage to trachea

24
Q

where do intrinsic membranes lie

A
  • between the mucosa lining the larynx and muscle and the cartilage
25
list the intrinsic membrane
- quadrangular membrane - conus elasticus
26
function of intrinsic muscles of the larynx
- change the relative position of the laryngeal cartilages around the joints
27
what does the intrinsic muscles of the larynx chane
- relative positions of vocal cords - size of rima glottidis - tension on the vocal cords - modifies the laryngeal inlet
28
what does the extrinsic muscles changes
- position of the larynx with relation to other structures of the neck
29
cricothryoid muscle attachements
- superficial anterolateral surface of cricoid to the thyroid cartilage
30
where does the straight part of the cricothyroid muscle attach to
- lower lamina border
31
where does the oblique part of the cricothyroid muscle attach to
- inferior horn
32
innervation of the cricothyroid muscle
- superior laryngeal nerve external brancg
33
function of the cricothyroid muscle
tenses the vocal fords
34
which abductor muscle opens the rima glottidis laterally
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (only abductor)
35
which adductors and sphincter muscles close the rima glottidis
- lateral cricoarytenoids - transverse arytenoid - oblique arytenoid
36
list the extrinsic muscles of the larynx
- suprahyoid muscle - thyrohyoid muscle - infrahyoid muscle - stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeal muscle - inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscke
37
what does the vagus nerve supply
- somatic motor and sensory to larynx and pharynx - parasympathetic to plexus in thorax and abdomen
38
where does the vagus nerve pass through
jugular foramen
39
what does the vagus nerve give rise to once it passes through jugular foramen
- sensory ganglia
40
what else does vagus nerve give rise to
- pharyngeal branches - superior laryngeal nerve < internal and external branches - recurrent laryngeal nerve
41
where does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve pierce into
- thyrohyoid membrane and provides sensory innervation to mucosa of the larynx
42
what does the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve supplies
- cricothyroid muscle with motor innervation
43
what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply
- motor to all intrinsic muscles of larynx
44
arterial supply to the larynx
- superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery - inferior laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery
45
what is the venous drainage of larynx
- superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
46
what does the thyroid gland produce
- hormone (metabolism) and calcitonin (reduces blood calcium)
47
where are the 2 parathyroid glands located
- 2 pairs of small endocrine glands on posterior surface of thyroid glandn
48
function of parathyroid glands
- hormone production to control blood and bone calcium

ANAT3004 LECTURES (12 decks)

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