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ANAT3004 LECTURES > WEEK 10 - LARYNX > Flashcards

WEEK 10 - LARYNX Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the larynx located

A

anterior to the pharynx, approx at levels c3-c6 (males)

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2
Q

function of larynx

A
  • respiration
  • speech/vocalisation
  • protection
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3
Q

how many cartilages in the larynx

A

7

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4
Q

what do the 7 cartilages of the larynx form

A

semi-rigid skeleton of the larynx > linked by joints and fibroelastic structures

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5
Q

name the cartilages of the thryoid

A
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • arytenoid
  • epiglottis
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
  • tritiate
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6
Q

which one of the cartilages of the larynx are paired

A
  • arytenoid
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
  • tritiate
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7
Q

what is the thyroid cartilage linked to

A
  • hyoid bone superiorly by thyrohyoid membrane
  • cricoid cartilage inferiorly by cricothryoid ligament
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8
Q

features of the thryoid cartilage

A
  • anterior lamina
  • superior and inferior horns
  • laryngeal
  • notch
  • prominence
  • oblique line
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9
Q

what is the only cartilage to encircle the larynx

A

cricoid

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10
Q

what is the cricoid cartilage attached to

A
  • thyroid cartilage anterosuperiorly by cricothryoid ligament and posteriorly by cricothryoid joint
  • artyenoid cartilage
  • trachea inferiorly
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11
Q

what is the arytenoid attached to

A
  • superior border of lamina of cricoid cartilage by synovial joint by cricoarytenoid joint
  • corniculate cartilage at apex of arytenoid by fibrous joint
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12
Q

what is the epiglottis cartilage attached to

A
  • hyoid bone > anteromedially by hypoepiglottic ligament
  • thyroid cartilage by thyroepiglottic ligament
  • arytenoid cartilage
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13
Q

function of joints

A
  • permits limited movement of cartilages with respect to each other
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14
Q

list the synovial joints in the larynx

A
  • cricothyroid joint
  • cricoarytenoid joint
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15
Q

list the internal anatomy of the larynx

A
  • inlet
  • vestibule
  • intermediate cavity
  • infraglottic cavity
  • trachea
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16
Q

where do food commonly get stuck in the pharynx

A

shallow fossae - found close to laryngeal structures

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17
Q

list the two folds

A
  • vocal folds
  • vestibule folds
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18
Q

which of the 2 folds is upper or lower

A

upper > vestibular folds
- lower > vocal folds

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19
Q

purpose of extrinsic membranes

A

connect the larynx to the adjacent structrues

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20
Q

list the extrinsic membranes

A
  • thryohyoid membrane
  • cricotracheal membrane
21
Q

where is the thyrohyoid membrane located

A
  • upper border of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bonew
22
Q

what is the thyrohyoid membrane pierced by

A

superior laryngeal nerve internal branch,
- superior thyroid artery and vein

23
Q

where is the cricotracheal membrane located

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage to trachea

24
Q

where do intrinsic membranes lie

A
  • between the mucosa lining the larynx and muscle and the cartilage
25
Q

list the intrinsic membrane

A
  • quadrangular membrane
  • conus elasticus
26
Q

function of intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A
  • change the relative position of the laryngeal cartilages around the joints
27
Q

what does the intrinsic muscles of the larynx chane

A
  • relative positions of vocal cords
  • size of rima glottidis
  • tension on the vocal cords
  • modifies the laryngeal inlet
28
Q

what does the extrinsic muscles changes

A
  • position of the larynx with relation to other structures of the neck
29
Q

cricothryoid muscle attachements

A
  • superficial anterolateral surface of cricoid to the thyroid cartilage
30
Q

where does the straight part of the cricothyroid muscle attach to

A
  • lower lamina border
31
Q

where does the oblique part of the cricothyroid muscle attach to

A
  • inferior horn
32
Q

innervation of the cricothyroid muscle

A
  • superior laryngeal nerve external brancg
33
Q

function of the cricothyroid muscle

A

tenses the vocal fords

34
Q

which abductor muscle opens the rima glottidis laterally

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (only abductor)

35
Q

which adductors and sphincter muscles close the rima glottidis

A
  • lateral cricoarytenoids
  • transverse arytenoid
  • oblique arytenoid
36
Q

list the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A
  • suprahyoid muscle
  • thyrohyoid muscle
  • infrahyoid muscle
  • stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeal muscle
  • inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscke
37
Q

what does the vagus nerve supply

A
  • somatic motor and sensory to larynx and pharynx
  • parasympathetic to plexus in thorax and abdomen
38
Q

where does the vagus nerve pass through

A

jugular foramen

39
Q

what does the vagus nerve give rise to once it passes through jugular foramen

A
  • sensory ganglia
40
Q

what else does vagus nerve give rise to

A
  • pharyngeal branches
  • superior laryngeal nerve < internal and external branches
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve
41
Q

where does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve pierce into

A
  • thyrohyoid membrane and provides sensory innervation to mucosa of the larynx
42
Q

what does the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve supplies

A
  • cricothyroid muscle with motor innervation
43
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply

A
  • motor to all intrinsic muscles of larynx
44
Q

arterial supply to the larynx

A
  • superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery
  • inferior laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery
45
Q

what is the venous drainage of larynx

A
  • superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
46
Q

what does the thyroid gland produce

A
  • hormone (metabolism) and calcitonin (reduces blood calcium)
47
Q

where are the 2 parathyroid glands located

A
  • 2 pairs of small endocrine glands on posterior surface of thyroid glandn
48
Q

function of parathyroid glands

A
  • hormone production to control blood and bone calcium

ANAT3004 LECTURES (12 decks)

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