Week 8 // Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is blood? Breakdown of portions?
Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells surrounded by a liquid matrix (plasma)
Blood plasma 55%
Formed elements 45%
(Red, White, Platelets… mostly RBC. WBC about 1% and platelets less than 1%)
What are the cellular components (formed elements ) of blood?
The cellular components (formed elements) of blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What is the plasma portion made of?
The plasma portion of blood consists of water, proteins, and other solutes
Blood accounts for ____% of body weight
8%
Majority of blood is made of
water (91.5% of plasma portion) and red blood cells
Blood plasma is mostly
water (91.5%)
White blood cells are called
neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils
Functions of blood *
Blood transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, heat, and waste products
Blood regulates homeostasis of all body fluids, pH, body temperature, and water content of cells
Blood protects against excessive loss by clotting, and uses white blood cells to protect against infections
Blood plasma proteins mostly produced by the
Liver
What makes the blood viscose / sticky?
Blood plasma proteins A plasma protein “fibrinogen” contributes to clotting
How long do blood cells live?
Lymphocytes are able to live for years while most other blood cells live for hours, days, or weeks
Red blood cells live
~ 120 days
The number of red blood cells and platelets remains rather steady while that of white blood cells varies depending on
invading pathogens and other foreign antigens
The process of producing blood cells is called
hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)
Pluripotent stem cells differentiate into each of the different types of blood cells
Red blood cells contain the protein
Red blood cells contain the protein hemoglobin
Red blood cells also called
erythrocytes
how does blood carry oxygen?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain the protein hemoglobin that is used to carry oxygen to all cells and to carry some carbon dioxide to the lungs
Each hemoglobin molecule contains an iron ion which allows each molecule to bind four oxygen molecules
Red blood cells have no nucleus or other organelles and are biconcave discs
This allows them to carry oxygen more efficiently
Dead blood cells are removed from circulation this way
Dead cells are removed from the circulation by the spleen and liver
Breakdown products from the red blood cells are recycled and reused
The production of red blood cells begins here
Erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) begins in the red bone marrow
Kidney and red blood cells connection
Erythropoietin, a hormone released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia (lowered oxygen concentration) stimulates differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into erythrocytes
Reticulocytes (immature red blood cells) enter the circulation and mature in 1 to 2 days
Do red blood cells contain nucleus and organelles?
No. It contains hemoglobin.
Do white blood cells contain nucleus and organelles?
White blood cells (leukocytes) contain a nucleus and organelles, but no hemoglobin
Granular vs Agranular *
Leukocytes are classified as:
Granular (containing vesicles that appear when the cells are stained)
Granular leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranular (containing no granules)
Agranular leukocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes
Which leukocyte can appear to be both granular and agranular?
leukocytes