Week 3 // Class The Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 1

The bones of the 4 limbs.

As “appendages” to the central skeleton, these bones include those of the upper and lower limbs (including the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton)

Question 2

The pectoral (shoulder) girdle includes these two bones

Answer 2

Clavicle and Scapula

Question 3

The collarbone is also known as the

Answer 3

Clavicle

Question 4

What shape is the Clavicle?

Answer 4

The clavicle is S-shaped

Question 5

The clavicle articulates (connects with) these two things

Answer 5

The sternum and the scapula

More specifically: 
The medial (sternal) end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum 
The lateral (acromial) end articulates with the acromion of the scapula

Question 6

What shape does the scapula have?

Answer 6

The scapula is a flat bone

Question 7

Where is the scapula?

Answer 7

It is located in the superior part of the posterior thorax between the second and seventh ribs

(this large triangular-shaped bone is in the upper back)

Question 8

The shoulder blade is also known as the

Answer 8

Scapula

Question 9

The humerus (upper arm bone) attaches to the scapula in the

Answer 9

Glenoid cavity (a socket in the scapula)

Question 10

The humerus articulates with these three bones

Answer 10

Scapula
(proximally, its rounded head fits into the glenoid cavity)

Radius and Ulna
(distally, the trochlea articulates with the ulna and the capitulum with the radius)

Question 11

Where are the ulna and the radius?

Answer 11

The forearm

Question 12

Is the radius located on the lateral or the medial side?

Answer 12

The radius is located on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm

Question 13

The elbow joint includes these

Answer 13

The olecranon and coronoid process at the proximal end of the ulna form the trochlear notch which wraps around the trochlea of the humerus making up the elbow joint

Question 14

Where are the carpal bones and how many are there?

Answer 14

The carpal bones are 8 small bones in the wrist.
They connected to each other by ligaments and they are arranged in two rows of four bones each

The proximal row (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform) articulates with the distal radius and ulna
The distal row (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate) articulates with the metacarpals

So Long Tiny Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

Question 15

The metacarpals

How many in total?
What are they called?

Answer 15

The five metacarpals make up the palm and back of the hand

They are numbered I through V (or 1–5) starting with the thumb. The bases articulate with the distal carpals while their heads articulate with the proximal phalanges

Question 16

The phalanges

How many in total?

Answer 16

The phalanges are the bones of the digits.

14 total (each hand)

The thumb contains 2 (proximal and distal) while the other 4 fingers contain 3 each (proximal, middle and distal)

Question 17

the Pelvic Girdle

Answer 17

The pelvic (hip) girdle is made up of two hip bones 
(os coxa, coxal bones) that articulate with the sacrum posteriorly. 

Each hip bone is actually made up of three individual bones: ilium, ischium, pubis

The two bones articulate anteriorly at the pubic bones (pubic symphysis)

There is a disc of fibrocartilage between the two bones

Question 18

3 bones of each hip

Answer 18

illium, ischium, pubis

Question 19

The head of the femur articulates with the hip at this spot

Answer 19

The head of the femur articulates with the “acetabulum” of the hip bone as a ball and socket joint.

The acetabulum is composed of parts of all three of the bones that make up the hip bone

Question 20

What are the greater pelvis and the lesser pelvis?

Answer 20

Parts of the pelvis that sit above and below of the pelvic brim

Question 21

Pubic arch greater or less than 90 degrees

Answer 21

Women - greater than (for childbirth)
Men - less than

Question 22

Differences male/ female pelvis

Answer 22

The bones of the male pelvis are usually larger and heavier

The bones of the female pelvis are structured to meet the requirements of pregnancy and childbirth

The female pelvis is wider and shallower than that of the male

Question 23

Which bone is the longest, strongest and heaviest in the body?

Answer 23

Femur

Question 24

The femur articulates with these (3)

Answer 24

The proximal end (head) inserts into the acetabulum of the hip bone

The distal end articulates with the tibia and patella

Question 25

The two bones of the lower leg

Answer 25

the tibia and the fibula

Question 26

The tibia articulates with

Answer 26

The tibia’s proximal end articulates with the femur
The tibia’s distal end articulates with the talus bone of the ankle

The tibial tuberosity on the anterior surface is the point of attachment for the patellar ligament

Question 27

The tarsus contain how many bones?

Answer 27

7

Question 28

Name the 7 bones of the tarsus

Answer 28

talus, calcaneus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and the cuboid

Question 29

The bones that create the foot and that articulate with the tarsus are called the __________

Answer 29

The metatarsus (5 bones)

Question 30

The metatarsals

Answer 30

The metatarsus is made up of 5 metatarsal bones
Just like the metacarpals, they are numbered I through V (1–5) starting with the big toe

They make up the sole and dorsal surface of the foot

The proximal ends articulate with the 3 cuneiform bones and the cuboid

The distal ends articulate with the proximal phalanges

Question 31

The phalanges

How many?

Answer 31

The phalanges are arranged exactly like those of the hand.
The big toe has a proximal and distal phalanx and the other toes have a proximal, middle and distal phalanx

(14)

Question 32

The arches of the foot

Answer 32

The two arches are: 1) the longitudinal arch which is made up of a medial and a lateral portion and 2) the transverse arch

Question 33

Where does most skeletal tissue form?

Answer 33

Most skeletal tissue arises from the middle primary germ layer in embryos known as the mesoderm,

Question 34

Where does the skull form?

Answer 34

Most of the skull arises from the outer layer called the ectoderm

Question 35

Where do limbs and limb girdles form?

Answer 35

Mesoderm

Question 36

Where is the trochlear notch?

Answer 36

In the elbow joint