Week 2 // Chapter 7 // Axial Skeleton Flashcards
How do the bones of the axial skeleton contribute to homeostasis?
By protecting many of the body’s organs and
supporting the storage and release of calcium
How many bones are there in the human skeleton?
206
What are the two principal divisions of the human skeleton?
Axial skeleton (80 bones) and Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/817/288/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633049026)
Which bones are a part of the axial skeleton? (overview)
Axial skeleton (80 bones) skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and sacrum
Which bones are a part of the appendicular skeleton? (overview)
Appendicular skeleton (126 bones) bones of the upper and lower extremities and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
What are the 5 main types of bones?
(shapes)
Long (greater length than width)
Short (cube shaped)
Flat (thin layers of parallel plates)
Irregular (complex shapes)
Sesamoid (shaped like a sesame seed)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/817/800/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633048935)
What are sutures?
Sutures are the jointed areas where flat bones come together (skull)
It is an immoveable joint
- Found in the skull holding bones, such as the temporal and parietal, together
- Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous
What are sutural bones?
Sutural bones are small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones
Where are the following bones/ structures located?
Parietal Bone
Zygomatic
Temporal Bone
Frontal Bone
Occipital Bone
Mastoid Process
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/818/035/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633048637)
Bone depressions and openings
These bone surface markings
> allow the passage of soft tissues (nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons)
> form joints
Bone processes
> Projections or outgrowths that form joints
> Serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons
Fissure
( a type of depression / opening)
Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/818/232/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633049326)
Fossa
(depression / opening)
Shallow despression
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/818/233/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633049531)
Sulcus
(depression / opening)
Furrow along bone surface that accommodates blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.
See sulcus of humerus.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/818/234/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633049785)
Meatus
(depression / opening)
Tubelike opening (ex. “External acoustic meatus” which is the ear hole in the skull on the temporal bone)
Condyle
(processes)
Large, round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone.
(the round prominence at the end of a bone)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/818/236/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633050151)
Facet
(processes)
Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/818/279/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633050166)
Head
(processes)
Usually rounded articular projection supported on neck (constricted portion) of bone.
Crest
(processes that attach to connective tissue)
Prominent ridge or elongated projection.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/818/382/a_image_thumb.jpg?1633050190)
Epicondyle
Usually roughened projection on a condyle
Line
Long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than a crest)
Spinous process
Sharp, slender projection off the posterior (back) of each vertebra
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/972/642/a_image_thumb.png?1633050341)
Trochanter
Very large projection found only on the femur
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/972/760/a_image_thumb.png?1633050526)
Tubercle
Variably sized rounded projection (a small rounded point of a bone)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/972/832/a_image_thumb.png?1633050695)
Tuberosity
Variably sized projection with rough, bumpy surface
(A moderate prominence where muscles and connective tissues attach)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/357/973/086/a_image_thumb.png?1633050850)
How many bones does the skull contain?
22 (not including the 3 middle ear bones in both ears)